Cory's Shearwater
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| Calonectris diomedea (Scopoli, 1769) |
The Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) is a large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae.
This species breeds on islands and cliffs in the Mediterranean, with the odd outpost on the Atlantic coast of Iberia. The nest is on open ground or among rocks or less often in a burrow where one white egg is laid, and is visited at night to minimise predation from large gulls. In late summer and autumn, most birds migrate into the Atlantic as far north as the south-western coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. They return to the Mediterranean in February. The biggest colony is located in Savage Islands, Madeira.
This bird flies with long glides, and always with wings bowed and angled slightly back, unlike the stiff, straight-winged flight of the similarly-sized Great Shearwater.
This shearwater is identifiable by its size, at 45-56 cm lin ength and with a 112-126 cm wingspan. It has brownish-grey upperparts, white underparts and yellowish bill. It lacks the brown belly patch, dark shoulder markings and black cap of Great Shearwater.
There are two subspecies, the Mediterranean subspecies C. d. diomedea, and the Atlantic subspecies C. d. borealis. They are closely similar in appearance, although the Atlantic race is larger, and with a stouter bill. They are best distinguished by the pattern of the underwing. Being fairly distinct (Heidrich et al. 1998), they are sometimes regarded as separate species, C. d. diomedea then being named Scopoli's Shearwater.
Cory's Shearwater feeds on fish, molluscs and offal. It readily follows fishing boats, where it indulges in noisy squabbles. This is a gregarious species, which can be seen in large numbers from ships or appropriate headlands. The Bay of Biscay ferries are particularly good for this species. It is silent at sea, but at night the breeding colonies are alive with raucous cackling calls.
This bird was named after the American ornithologist Charles B. Cory.
The Cape Verde Shearwater C. edwardsii (Oustalet, 1883) was once considered a subspecies of Cory's Shearwater but has recently been split off as a separate species (Snow & Perrins 1998). It is endemic to the Cape Verde Islands. It has an all dark, slim bill, and darker head and upperparts than Cory's. The flight has been described as rather more typically shearwater-like than Cory's, with stiffer and more rapid wing beats.
[edit] References
- BirdLife International (2004). Calonectris diomedea. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
- Bull, John L.; Farrand, John Jr.; Rayfield, Susan & National Audubon Society (1977): The Audubon Society field guide to North American birds, Eastern Region. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. ISBN 0-394-41405-5
- Harrison, Peter (1983): Seabirds: An Identification Guide. Croon Helm, Beckenham. ISBN 0-7099-1207-2
- Heidrich, Petra; Amengual, José F. & Wink, Michael (1998): Phylogenetic relationships in Mediterranean and North Atlantic shearwaters (Aves: Procellariidae) based on nucleotide sequences of mtDNA. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 26(2): 145–170. DOI:10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00085-9 PDF fulltext
- Snow, David W.; Perrins, Christopher M. & Gillmor, Robert (1998): The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850187-0
