Cordax

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The cordax was a provocative, licentious, and often obscene dance of ancient Greek comedy. In his play the "Clouds," Aristophanes complains that other playwrights of his time try to hide the feebleness of their plays by bringing an old woman onto the stage to dance the cordax. He notes with pride that his patrons won't find such gimmicks in his plays.

Petronius Arbiter in his Roman novel the Satyricon has Tramalchio boast to his dinner guests that no one dances the cordax better than his wife, Fortunata. The nature of this dance is described in the satires of Juvenal, who says "the girls encouraged by applause sink to the ground with tremulous buttocks." The poet Horace and playwright Plautus refer to the same dance as iconici motus.

Modern philologists maintain that the cordax later became the fandango. Juvenal makes specific mention of the testarum crepitus (clicking of castanets). In the earlier Greek form, finger cymbals were used.