Control key
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- Ctrl redirects here. For the railway line, see Channel Tunnel Rail Link
In computing, a Control key is a key which, when pressed in conjunction with another key, will perform a special operation. The Control key is a modifier key; it is used in the same fashion as the Shift key. Like the Shift Key, it is unusual for the control key to do anything when pressed by itself. The control key is located on or near the bottom left side of most keyboards. It is usually labeled Ctrl, but sometimes Control or Ctl is seen, and it can be graphically represented as an “up arrowhead” (U+2303, ⌃), or simulated with a caret (^).
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[edit] History
On teletypewriters and early computer keyboards, holding down the Control key while pressing another key zeroed the leftmost 2 bits of the 7 bits in the generated ASCII character. This allowed the operator to produce the first 32 characters in the ASCII table. These are non-printing characters that signal the computer to control where the next character will be placed on the display device, eject a printed page or erase the screen, ring the terminal bell, or some other operation. Aptly, these characters are also called control characters.
Note that using the Control key with either lowercase c or uppercase C will generate the same ASCII code on a teletypewriter because holding down the control key grounds (zeros the voltage on) the 2 wires used to carry the leftmost 2 bits from the keyboard. In modern computers the interpretation of keypresses is generally left to the software, modern keyboards distinguish each physical key from every other and report all keypresses and releases to the controlling software. This additional flexibility is not often taken advantage of and it usually does not matter, for example, whether the control key is pressed in conjunction with an upper or a lower case character.
When the original purpose of the ASCII control characters became either obsolete or seldom used, later software appropriated the Control key combinations for other purposes.
[edit] Notation
There are several common notations for pressing the Control key in conjunction with another key. Each notation below means press and hold Control while pressing the x key:
| ^X | Traditional notation |
| C-x | Emacs notation |
| CTRL-X | Old Microsoft notation |
| Ctrl+X | New Microsoft notation |
[edit] Examples
The following examples may differ in some applications, but are nearly universal throughout the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems.
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Ctrl+A Select all Ctrl+B Bold Ctrl+C Copy Ctrl+F Find (usually a small piece of text in a larger document) Ctrl+G Bell (one of the vestiges of the teletype machine) Ctrl+I Italic Ctrl+N New (window, document, etc.) Ctrl+O Open Ctrl+P Print Ctrl+S Save Ctrl+U Underline Ctrl+V Paste Ctrl+W Close window or tab Ctrl+X Cut Ctrl+Y Redo Ctrl+Z Undo Ctrl+End Bottom (end of document or window) Ctrl+Home Top (start of document or window) Ctrl+Ins Copy Ctrl+PgDn Next tab Ctrl+PgUp Previous tab Ctrl+Tab Next window or tab Ctrl+Left-Arrow Previous word Ctrl+Right-Arrow Next word Ctrl+Alt+Delete Task Manager/ Restarting the Computer
[edit] Similar concepts
Generally, the Command key, labeled with the ⌘ symbol on Apple Macintosh computers, performs the equivalent functions in Mac OS X and Mac OS applications (for example, Command+c copies, while Command+p prints; the same holds for saving, cutting, and pasting).
Macintoshes also have a Control key, but it has different functionality.
- It is mostly used as a modifier key for key-combinations.
- When pressing Control and clicking the mouse-button, you will get a contextual menu. This is a compatibility feature for users with one-button mice; on a two-button mouse, you would just use the right mouse-button, with no modifiers.
- It is used in the command line interface with programs made for that interface.
- Under Mac OS X, the Control key allows the use of Emacs-style key combinations in most text entry fields. For example, Ctrl-A moves the caret to the start of the paragraph, Ctrl-L vertically centers the current line in the editing field, Ctrl-K cuts text to the end of the line to a kill-ring separate from the normal clipboard, etc.
[edit] See also
[edit] External link
| Dead keys: | Compose |
|---|---|
| Modifier keys: | Control • Shift • Alt/Option (Apple) • AltGr • Command/Meta (MIT keyboards) • Windows • Fn (compact keyboards) |
| Lock keys: | Scroll lock • Num lock • Caps lock |
| Navigation: | Arrow • Page scrolling (Page up/Page down) • Home/End |
| Editing: | Return/Enter • Backspace • Insert • Delete • Tab • Space bar |
| Misc.: | SysRq/Print screen • Break/Pause • Escape • Menu • Numpad • Function • Power management (Power, Sleep, Wake) |
