Contax
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Contax was a camera brand noted for its unique, and sometimes odd, technical innovation and a wide range of Zeiss lenses, noted for their high optical quality. Its latest incarnation was a line of 35 mm, Medium Format and digital cameras engineered and manufactured by Kyocera, featuring modern optics engineered by the Carl Zeiss corporation, which has an outstanding reputation for high quality photographic equipment. On April 12, 2005, Kyocera announced that they will no longer produce Contax cameras.
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[edit] History
The Contax brand finds its origin in a series of pre-World War II Zeiss Ikon rangefinder cameras that were the main competitor to the Leica. In all three models were produced: the original Contax, an improved Contax II and the Contax III (the Contax II with a selenium light meter added). Famed combat photographer Robert Capa landed at Omaha Beach on D-Day armed with two Contax II cameras, and his world-famous blurred images were captured on them.
After the Second World War, the German Zeiss-Ikon company was split between East and West Germany. Most of the manufacturing plants were in East Germany, which became Carl Zeiss Jena VEB, but the West German Zeiss corporation managed to resume production of cameras and lenses. Among the post-war cameras produced by the West German Zeiss Ikon were variants of the Contax II and III; known as the Contax IIa (without integrated light meter) and the IIIa (with meter). The post war cameras are distinguished from the pre-war variants by a shorter rangefinder, and different locking mechanism.
Another camera branded Contax was introduced in East Germany, the Contax S. Unlike its pre-war rangefinder forebears, the Contax S was a single-lens reflex camera that introduced the eye-level pentaprism, a feature that would be copied by most SLRs in the future. The Contax S evolved to Contax D and was renamed Pentacon after a trademark dispute with the West German Zeiss company.
Facing increased competition from Japanese cameramakers, the West German Zeiss company was again split into two companies: a camera manufacturer, Zeiss-Ikon AG, and a lens and optical glass manufacturer, Carl Zeiss AG.
With the Zeiss lenses' reputation for high quality, Carl Zeiss AG managed to sustain profitability by selling them to Zeiss-Ikon and other camera manufacturers and by diversifiyng into producing various optical products. On the other side, Zeiss-Ikon AG failed to introduce a mass-produced SLR to rival the new Japanese models, and went bankrupt in 1971.
After the bankruptcy of Zeiss-Ikon AG, Carl Zeiss AG found itself in need of a company with electronic camera expertise. A collaborative licensing and production agreement was reached in 1973 with Yashica to build a series of 35mm cameras and high-quality T*-coated, Zeiss-formula lenses under the Contax and Zeiss brand names. These 35mm Zeiss lenses remain in high demand to this day. In 1983, Kyocera acquired Yashica and continued this collaboration until 2005, when Kyocera relinquished its licensing agreement with Zeiss and ceased production of both film and digital cameras.
[edit] Zeiss lenses
Technically, they are branded Carl Zeiss, but often shortened to Zeiss for brevity.
Zeiss lenses for Contax cameras are referred to by their optical design as well as focal length and maximum aperture:
- Distagon lenses are wide-angle retrofocus lenses.
- F-Distagon lenses are fish-eye lenses.
- PC-Distagon lenses are wide angle lenses that have shift feature for correcting perspective convergence.
- Hologon and Biogon are non-retrofocus wide angle lens designs.
- Planar lenses are fixed focal length primes of very large maximum aperture that range from medium wide angles to short telephotos.
- Sonnar and Tele-Tessar lenses are telephoto lenses, and Tele-Apotessar and Aposonnar lenses are apochromatic telephotos.
- Vario Sonnar lenses are zooms.
- Makro-Sonnar and Makro-Planar lenses are macro lenses for extreme close-up work, based on the Sonnar and Planar designs.
- Tessar lenses are 4 element lenses of medium focal length, sometimes referred to as a "Normal" lens.
- Mutar lenses are teleconverters.
- Mirotar lenses are mirror lenses.
Most Zeiss lenses have a designation T*. This refers to their T* coating (pronounced "Tee Star"), a highly developed Zeiss multi-coating process. The 'T' comes from a German word 'Tarnung', which means 'camouflaging', as in making invisible, used here in reference to making flare invisible.
The optical glass elements are all manufactured and multicoated in Germany by Schott Glass, so almost all Zeiss optics for Contax are T* lenses. (The Mirotar lenses, being mirrors, do not have nor require T* multicoating.)
Zeiss lenses may be assembled in Germany or in Japan... some lens models were produced in both. While it is rumored there are differences in build quality, this is unproven: the only way to tell a Japanese-made lens from a German-made one is to look at the country of origin label. Nevertheless, German-manufactured lenses are considered more collectible and therefore sell for more on the used market.
Zeiss optics are held in very high regard by many photographers, noted for their sharpness, excellent contrast, smooth bokeh, brilliant color rendition and the "3D Effect", which makes some images seem almost three dimensional.
[edit] Contax 645
The Contax 645 is an autofocus medium format SLR system, featuring an array of Zeiss lenses and interchangeable film and digital backs. One of its unique features is a film back equipped with the vacuum system originally developed for the 35 mm RTSIII SLR. Contax claims this increases sharpness by keeping the film perfectly flat in the plane of focus.
Lenses currently available for the Contax 645:
- Distagon 35 mm f/3.5
- Distagon 45 mm f/2.8
- Distagon 55 mm f/3.5
- Vario-Sonnar 45-90 mm f/4.5
- Planar 80 mm f/2
- Apo-Makro-Planar 120 mm f/4
- Sonnar 140 mm f/2.8
- Sonnar 210 f/4
- Tele-Apotessar 350 mm f/4
- Mutar 1.4x
Also, with the use of MAM-1 adaptor, all the Hasselblad lenses including C, CF, CFE, CFI, F and FE can be used as well.
In addition to 120 and 220 medium format backs with film inserts for quick loading, including the previously mentioned vacuum back, many manufacturers offer a variety of interchangeable digital backs for the Contax 645 system:
- Imacon
- Leaf
- Kodak
- Jenoptik
- Sinar-Bron
- Megavision
- Phase One
[edit] Contax N Series
The Contax N Series is an autofocus 35 mm SLR system. There are three models of camera, the N1, the NX and the N Digital, an ill-fated and now discontinued early Digital SLR. They use the new N-Mount lenses, and this means the system is not compatible with the older manual focus SLR system. Contax does sell an adapter that allows lenses from their 645 medium format system to be used on N bodies.
Lenses currently available for the N Series:
- Vario Sonnar 17-35 mm f/2.8 - Noted for the unusually high speed for this type of lens.
- Vario Sonnar 24-85 mm f/3.5-4.5
- Vario Sonnar 28-80 mm f/3.5-5.6
- Planar 50 mm f/1.4
- Vario Sonnar 70-200 mm f/3.5-4.5
- Vario Sonnar 70-300 mm F/4.0-5.6
- Planar 85 mm f/1.4
- Makro-Sonnar 100 mm f/2.8
- Tele-Apotessar 400 mm f/4
[edit] Contax SLR
This is the original Contax camera line by Kyocera and Zeiss, beginning with the RTS in 1975. It's an SLR system designed for manual focus lenses. The line was discontinued in 2005.
The last three camera models in this system produced by Kyocera were the RTS III, the RX 2, and the Aria. The RTSIII is notable because of its vacuum backplate, a feature the manufacturer claims improves sharpness by keeping the film perfectly flat in the image plane. It also introduced a flash exposure measurement system that was particularly useful to studio photographers.
[edit] Contax SLRs models
- Contax RTS - Originally released in 1975, this was the first SL camera to offer aperture-priority autoexposure (AE). The body ergonics were designed by Porsche AG
- Contax RTS II
- Contax RTS III
- Contax 139Q
- Contax 137
- Contax 159
- Contax 167
- Contax ST
- Contax Aria
- Contax AX - This had a unique autofocus system that worked with manual focus lenses by moving the film plane inside the camera. A side benefit of this arrangement is that it allowed the AX to feature a macro mode which worked much like a built-in 10 mm extension tube, allowing for a magnification ratio higher than 1:1 without the use of bellows or extension tubes.
- Contax RX - A rugged, all-metal camera with a focus-assist system that would show an indicator light in the viewfinder when the center circle was in perfect focus. The RX2 does not have this feature.
- S2 and S2b - Titanium-bodied mechanical SLRs that only required a battery for the light metering system, not the operation of the camera, and was deliberately designed without exposure automation. The S2 had a spot meter, and was popular with some Zone System photographers, while the S2b had a traditional centerweighted meter favored by some photojournalists.
These cameras take "Y/C" mount lenses, short for "Yashica/Contax"... Yashica being the low-end consumer brand SLR system made by Kyocera that shared its lensmount design with Contax SLRs. Zeiss lenses in the Y/C mount came in either AE or MM varieties. MM lenses are more recent, and have a setting that allows the camera to select the aperture as part of its autoexposure system, while the older AE lenses do not. There is often no difference between an older AE and a newer MM lens apart from this feature. Sometimes, the older AE lens will be worth more on the used market because it will be a German-made example, while the newer lens is Japanese-made, despite an identical optical formula and build quality.
Many of these lenses have unique features or exemplary qualities not found in more recently designed competitors.
MM Lenses currently available:
- Distagon 15 mm f/3.5
- F-Distagon 16 mm f/2.8 - Noted for its unusually high speed.
- Distagon 18 mm f/4
- Distagon 21 mm f/2.8 - Noted for its unusual design and sharpness.
- Distagon 25 mm f/2.8
- Distagon 28 mm f/2
- Distagon 28 mm f/2.8
- Vario-Sonnar 28-70 mm f/3.5
- Vario-Sonnar 28-85 mm f/3.3-4
- Distagon 35 mm f/1.4
- Distagon 35 mm f/2.8
- PC-Distagon 35 mm f/2.8 - Noted for its tilt and shift capabilities.
- Vario-Sonnar 35-70 mm f/3.4
- Vario-Sonnar 35-135 mm f/3.3-4.5
- Vario-Sonnar 40-80 mm f/3.5
- Tessar 45 mm f/2.8 - Noted for its unusual "pancake" design, being very thin and lightweight.
- Planar 50 mm f/1.7
- Planar 50 mm f/1.4 - Noted for its sharpness.
- Planar 55 mm f/1.2 Anniversary lens
- Makro-Planar 60 mm f/2.8 - Offers a higher magnification ratio (1:1) than the other MM macro lenses.
- Makro-Planar 60 mm C f/2.8
- S-Planar 60 mm f/2.8 - Old type of Makro-Planar 60 mm f/2.8
- Planar 85 mm f/1.2
- Planar 85 mm f/1.4
- Sonnar 85 mm f/2.8
- Planar 100 mm f/2
- Makro-Planar 100 mm C f/2.8
- Sonnar 135 mm f/2.8
- Planar 135 mm f/2
- Sonnar 180 mm f/2.8
- Aposonnar 200 mm f/2 - Noted for its unusually high speed and an iris with extra blades for smoother bokeh and rounder highlights, designed for portrait and fashion work. It comes with a set of drop-in filters.
- Tele-Tessar 200 mm f/3.5
- Tele-Tessar 200 mm f/4.0
- Vario Sonnar 80-200 mm f/4
- Tele-Apotessar 300 mm f/2.8 - Noted for its sharpness and stratospheric price.
- Tele-Tessar 300 mm f/4.0
- Vario Sonnar 100-300 mm f/4-5.6
- Mirotar 500 mm f/4.5
- Mirotar 500 mm f/8 - A fixed-aperture catadioptric "mirror" telephoto.
- Mutar I - 2x teleconverter
- Mutar II - 2x teleconverter of high quality, designed to mate with long telephotos.
- Mutar III - 1.4x teleconverter
Other lenses of note that are no longer in production include the Tele-Apotessar 600 mm f/4 AE, of which only a handful were made to order, the Mirotar 1000 mm f/5.6 AE, and the Vario Sonnar 70-210 mm f/3.5 AE, which is reputed to be the lens to most clearly exhibit the Zeiss "3D effect", and fetches large sums on the used market because of this.
[edit] G Series
The G Series is a unique 35 mm autofocus rangefinder system with interchangeable lenses. Rather than displaying a typical rangefinder focussing patch and brightlines, the first G1 had a zooming viewfinder with a focus confirmation light activated by the autofocus system if manual focus was required. The actual AF system, unlike AF for SLR cameras, does indeed use a twin-window rangefinder, but the alignment determination is electronic.
The G2 is the second camera body in the series, and can display manual focus distance directly on a viewfinder LCD. The G2 is generally considered more rugged and controllable than the earlier G1. Another improvement over the G1 is the G2's full parallax correction viewfinder. A limited edition run of black G2 bodies and lenses were produced, differing from the standard titanium finish found on the original G1 and G2.
The lenses use optical formulae not often used by Zeiss, which had specialized in SLR photographic lenses for many decades prior to the G Series. (These formulae appear to be repeated in the later Zeiss Ikon Leica-mount rangerfinder.) The G series also boasted the only true zoom available for a rangefinder system, made possible by the electronic coupling of the camera's viewfinder and the lens.
Available G Series lenses are:
- Hologon 16 mm f/8 - Comes with an optical viewfinder and a center filter to control vignetting. Noted for its extremely low distortion.
- Biogon 21 mm f/2.8 - Comes with an optical viewfinder.
- Biogon 28 mm f/2.8
- Planar 35 mm f/2
- Planar 45 mm f/2 - Noted at the time of its release as the sharpest available lens for 35 mm photography
- Sonnar 90 mm f/2.8
- Vario-Sonnar 35-70 mm f/3.5-5.6
[edit] Contax T Series Compact Cameras
Kyocera introduced a series of highly successful T series compact cameras:
- Contax T, a compact titanium body rangefinder camera in the style of Minox GT-E, with a five element Carl Zeiss T* Sonnar 38mm/2.8 lens
- Contax T2, a titanium body autofocus compact camera, featured a retracting 5 element Sonnar 38mm/2,8 lens. In silver titanium, in black and gold plated finish.
- Contax T3, smaller than Contax T2, with recomputed 6 element Carl Zeiss Sonnar 35mm/2,8 lens
- Contax TVS compact camera with zoom lens
- Contax TVS II
- Contax TVS III, with Contax T style front door cover.
- Contax Tix an APS Contax camera.
[edit] Electronic flash units
All of Contax's flash units are cross-compatible with all Contax camera systems, and Metz makes a Contax-compatible control unit for its strobes as well.
Flash units currently available:
- TLA20
- TLA30
- TLA140 (GN) - Very compact unit originally designed for the G1
- TLA200 (GN 68) - Compact flash unit originally designed for the G Series.
- TLA280 (GN 98)
- TLA360 (GN 138)
- TLA480 (GN unknown) - Bracket-mounted flash system.
Metz SCA adapters:
- SCA3802
- SCA3801
- SCA382 - Works with the older cameras, but will not transmit ASA and aperture information on the Contax 645, Aria, RX, AX N1, NX, and N digital cameras.
