Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern
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| Battle of Montgomery's Tavern | |||||||
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| Part of the Upper Canada Rebellion | |||||||
 Sketch of the battle based on a contemporary English engraving. |
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| Combatants | |||||||
| Republican rebels | United Kingdom | ||||||
| Commanders | |||||||
| William Lyon Mackenzie | Allan MacNab | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 210 militia | 1,000 regulars and militia 1 gun |
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| Casualties | |||||||
| 3 dead 5 wounded |
1 dead 5 wounded |
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| Upper Canada Rebellion |
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| Montgomery's Tavern – Pelee Island – Short Hills – Windmill – Windsor – Dickinson's Landing |
The Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern, also known as the Bar Fight on Yonge Street and the Battle of Montgomery's Tavern, is the name given to the incident that sparked the Upper Canada Rebellion on December 7, 1837. The abortive revolutionary insurrection was decisively crushed by British authorities backed by Canadian volunteer units.
[edit] Prelude
When the Lower Canada Rebellion broke out in the Fall of 1837, Sir Francis Bond Head sent the British troops stationed in York to help suppress it. With the regular troops gone, William Lyon Mackenzie and his followers seized a Toronto armoury and organized an armed march down Yonge Street, beginning at Montgomery's Tavern (on Yonge St just north of Eglinton Avenue - the present-day site of Postal Station K) on December 4, 1837.
Colonel Robert Moodie attempted to lead a force of loyalists through the rebel roadblock to warn Governor Bond Head in Toronto. Moodie fired his pistol, apparently in an attempt to clear the way. A number of the rebels returned fire, killing him.
On the same day, December 5, Mackenzie's approximately 500 rebels marched upon York's city hall in an effort to seize the arms and ammunition that were stored there. They were met by a truce party, to whom Mackenzie explained the rebels' demands.
Later that afternoon, Mackenzie led his troops farther down Yonge Street towards the city, where their advance was stopped by a party of 27 loyalist volunteers. The front rank of Mackenzie's men fired a volley then dropped to the ground to let the next rank fire over their heads. Those behind, thinking the entire front rank had been shot dead, fled in panic, losing a number of dead and wounded.
[edit] Montgomery's Tavern
The rebels dispersed, losing hundreds of deserters. That night, reinforcements for the loyalists arrived from Hamilton. By the next day, these forces were 1,500 strong (among the volunteers was future Prime Minister of Canada and Father of Confederation John A. Macdonald).
The rebels, meanwhile, had regrouped at Montgomery's Tavern. 150 were posted in the woods behind the tavern and another 60 took up positions behind a line of rail fencing. The majority of Mackenzie's supporters, numbering about 300, were gathered around the tavern proper. These were largely unarmed and would offer little resistance when pressed.
On December 7, Colonel MacNab marched about 1,000 regulars and militiamen up Yonge Street and attacked Mackenzie's force at Montgomery's Tavern, putting the building under artillery fire. When MacNab advanced his infantry, both parties of rebels abandoned their posts and retreated in disarray to the tavern, causing those assembled there to panic and flee. Within 20 minutes, the rebels were gone. Loyalist forces then looted the tavern and burned it to the ground, before marching back to York.
