Committee of Union and Progress
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Foundation: | 1894 | |
| Dissolved: | 1918, Court Martialed | |
| Head: | ||
| Armenian Genocide |
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| Early elements |
| Hamidian Massacres · 1896 Ottoman Bank Takeover · Adana Massacre · Young Turk Revolution |
| The Genocide |
| April 24, 1915 · Armenian notables deported from the Ottoman capital · Tehcir Law · Armenian casualties of deportations · Ottoman Armenian casualties |
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| Responsible parties |
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The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) (Turkish: İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti) was a political organization, established by Bahaeddin Sakir initially among Young Turks in 1906, during the dissolution period of the Ottoman Empire. It came to power between 1908 and 1918. At the end of World War I most of its members were court-martialled by the sultan Mehmed VI and imprisoned. The remnants of the organization were eliminated from the Republic of Turkey during the "assassination of president" trials in 1926.
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[edit] Revolutionary Era 1906-1908
Committee of Union and Progress was an umbrella name for different underground factions, which some of them were known generally as “Young Turks”. The name was officially sanctioned to a specific group in 1906 by Bahaeddin Sakir. The CUP had built an extensive organization, at home towns, at the capital, and in Europe. Under this umbrella name one could find ethnic Albanians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Turks, and Armenians. Changing the régime was their common goal which after the 1908 revolution, Young Turk Revolution, this goal lost its meaning and factions began to emerge. The evolution of CUP, interestingly also supported by French government. Abdul Hamid II was quite successful in suppressing the CUP, and even approached to France and Germany in suppression of this political movement.
The Young Turk Revolution played a significant role in the evolution of Committee of Union and Progress from a revolutionary organization to a political party.
[edit] Change through revolution
The revolution and CUP's work made a stronger impact on Muslims. The Persian community in Istanbul founded the Iranian Union and Progress Committee. Indian Muslims imitated the CUP oath for joining the organization. The leaders of the Young Bukhara movement were deeply influenced by the Young Turk Revolution, and saw it as an example to emulate.
The Chinese Revolution of 1911 and the Russian Revolution of 1917 diverted the attention of world revolutionaries from the Young Turk Revolution.
[edit] Coming to power
- Further information: Young Turk Revolution
[edit] Initial, 1908-1912
- 1909 - elections
- 1911 - elections
[edit] Coup and Aftermath, 1913-1918
One of the issues of this period was the existence of Special Organization. It is debated whether this calendestine committee was organized by Behaeddin Shakir.
- 1917 - elections
[edit] Disbanding of CUP
The disbanding process of the CUP was achieved through military trials.
[edit] Effects on Republic of Turkey
- Further information: Establishment of Turkish national movement
[edit] Opposition 1920-1925
The former leaders wanted to gain in power. They formed an organization called "second group" or officially "Progressive Republican Party".
[edit] Elimination 1926
Attempt to assassinate Mustafa Kemal gave the initial movement to Turkish revolutionaries to eliminate this group from the Republic of Turkey. Under the trials, the courts moved beyond just punishing the gunners, and also tried to pull out whatever was left (power base) behind the dismantled organization.
