Cockaigne

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For the genealogist George Edward Cokayne or his work see Cokayne's Complete Peerage.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder's The Land of Cockaigne, painted in 1567. Oil on panel. Currently in the collection of the Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany.
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Pieter Bruegel the Elder's The Land of Cockaigne, painted in 1567. Oil on panel. Currently in the collection of the Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany.

Cockaigne or Cockayne (pronounced as 'kokaiŋe') was a mythical medieval land of plenty, where all the harshness of medieval peasant life did not exist.

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[edit] Etymology of Cockaigne

The word Cockaigne derives from Middle English cokaygne, traced to Middle French (païs de) cocaigne[1] "(land of) plenty," ultimately adapted or derived from a word for a small sweet cake sold to children at a fair (OED). The Dutch equivalent is Luilekkerland ("lazy luscious land"), and the German equivalent is Schlaraffenland (also known as "land of milk and honey"). In Spain, where cucaña is the cognate word for "fool", an equivalent place of Cockaigne is named Jauja, after a rich mining region of the Andes.

In the 1820s, the name Cockaigne came to be applied jocularly to London[2], as the land of Cockneys[3], and thus "Cockaigne", though the two aren't linguistically connected otherwise. The composer Elgar used the title "Cockaigne" for his overture (1901) and suite evoking the people of London.

The Dutch village Kockengen was named after Cockaigne.

[edit] Descriptions

Like Atlantis and El Dorado, the land of Cockaigne was a fictional utopia, a place where, in a parody of paradise, idleness and gluttony were the principal occupations. In Specimens of Early English Poets (1790), George Ellis printed a 13th century French poem called "The Land of Cockaigne" where

"the houses were made of barley sugar and cakes, the streets were paved with pastry, and the shops supplied goods for nothing."

According to Columbia University Press' reference to Herman Pleij's Dreaming of Cockaigne (2001),

... roasted pigs wander about with knives in their backs to make carving easy, where grilled geese fly directly into one's mouth, where cooked fish jump out of the water and land at one's feet. The weather is always mild, the wine flows freely, sex is readily available, and all people enjoy eternal youth.

According to the New York Public Library (ref.), Cockaigne was a

medieval peasant’s dream, offering relief from backbreaking labor and the daily struggle for meager food.

The Brothers Grimm collected and retold the fairy tale in The Tale About the Land of Cockaigne (Das Märchen vom Schlaraffenland).

[edit] Traditions

A Neapolitan tradition, extended to other Latin-culture countries, is the Cockaigne pole, a horizontal or vertical pole with a prize (like a ham) at one end. The pole is covered with grease or soap and planted during a festival. Then, men try to climb the pole to get the prize. The crowd laughs at the often failed attempts to hold to the pole.

[edit] Cockaigne in the arts

  • Cockaigne was depicted by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in The Land of Cockaigne (1567, above).
  • The book, Dreaming of Cockaigne, by Herman Pleij (Columbia University Press, 2001) offers the most complete modern collection of information on the topic.
  • The musical play, The Golden Dream, by Joe Syiek [1] tells the story of oppressed peasants who yearn for, attain and ultimately lose their ideal of Cockaigne.
  • The album Land of Cockayne by Soft Machine, 1981.
  • Cockaigne is the name of the kingdom which Princess Narda in the comic strip Mandrake the Magician comes from.
  • Cockaigne (In London Town) is a concert overture composed by Edward Elgar in 1901.
  • Ego sum abbas Cucaniensis (I am the Abbot of Cockaigne) is a movement in Carl Orff's secular cantata, Carmina Burana.
  • "Bruegel in the Land of Cockaigne" is the heading of the second chapter of T. J. Clark's 2002 Tanner Lectures on Human Values "Painting at Ground Level".[2]
  • In the popular cookbook The Joy of Cooking the authors designate their favorite recipes "cockaigne", without explaining the term.
  • Cockaigne is the name of a small Australian record label, run by musicians Dave Graney and Clare Moore.

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ The modern French is cocagne, a dolt.
  2. ^ OED notes a first usage in 1824.
  3. ^ "Cockney" from a "cock's egg", an implausible creature (see also basilisk).

[edit] External links and references

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