From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The City of London was a former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1950.
[edit] Boundaries and boundary changes
This borough constituency consisted of the City of London, which was the historic core of the modern Greater London. In the twenty-first century the city forms part of the London Region of England.
The southern boundary of the City is the north bank of the River Thames. The City of Westminster is situated to the west. The districts of Holborn and Finsbury are to the north, Shoreditch to the north-east and Whitechapel to the east.
London is first known to have been enfranchised and represented in Parliament in 1298. Because it was the most important city in England it received four seats in Parliament instead of the normal two for a constituency. Previous to 1298 the area would have been represented as part of the county constituency of Middlesex. The City formed part of the geographic county, even though from early times it was not administered as part of Middlesex.
The City was represented by four MPs until 1885 and two thereafter until 1950.
The City of London was originally a densely populated area. Before the Reform Act 1832 the composition of the City electorate was not as democratic as that of some other borough constituencies, such as neighbouring Westminster. The right of election was held by members of the Livery Companies. However the size and wealth of the community meant that it had more voters than most other borough constituencies. Namier and Brooke estimated the size of the City electorate, in the latter part of the eighteenth century, at about 7,000. Only Westminster had a larger size of electorate.
During the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the metroplitan area of London expanded enormously. The resident population of the City fell as people moved to the new suburbs. However the City authorities did not want to extend their jurisdiction beyond the traditional "square mile", so the Parliamentary constituency was left unchanged as its resident population fell. By the twentieth century almost all electors in the City qualified as business voters, due to the ownership of shop or office premises in the City. The business voters were a type of plural voter so when that voting qualification was abolished by the Representation of the People Act 1948 the City had far too few voters to remain a Parliamentary constituency.
In 1950 the area was merged for Parliamentary purposes with the neighbouring City of Westminster, to form a new single-member constituency of Cities of London and Westminster.
There are special provisions concerning the City and Parliamentary boundaries. Rule 3 of the Rules for Redistribution of Seats, used by the Boundary Commission for England in its General Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries starting in 2000, provided that:-
"There shall continue to be a constituency which shall include the whole of the City of London and the name of which shall refer to the City of London".
[edit] Members of Parliament 1707-1950
See also City of London (elections to the Parliament of England) for citizens known to have represented the City in Parliament before 1707
[edit] Paliaments of England and Great Britain 1660-1800
[edit] Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801
Key to parties from 1802: C Conservative from 1832, L Liberal from 1832, Nat National candidate (allied to the Conservative Party), T Tory to 1832, W Whig to 1832.
From |
To |
Name (Party) |
Born |
Died |
|
1801 |
1818 |
Sir William Curtis, Bt (T) |
25 January 1752 |
18 January 1829 |
|
1801 |
1806 |
Sir John William Anderson, Bt (T) |
c. 1735 |
21 May 1813 |
|
1801 |
1802 |
William Lushington |
18 January 1747 |
11 September 1823 |
|
1801 |
1817 |
Harvey Christian Combe (W) |
1752 |
4 July 1818 |
|
1802 |
1812 |
Sir Charles Price, Bt (T) |
25 January 1748 |
19 July 1818 |
|
1806 |
1818 |
Sir James Shaw (T) |
26 August 1764 |
22 October 1843 |
|
1812 |
1818 |
John Atkins (T) |
c. 1760 |
26 October 1838 |
|
1817 |
1843 |
Sir Matthew Wood, Bt (W, L) |
2 June 1768 |
25 September 1843 |
|
1818 |
1826 |
Thomas Wilson (T) |
c. 1767 |
10 October 1852 |
|
1818 |
1820 |
Robert Waithman (W) |
c. 1764 |
6 February 1833 |
|
1818 |
1820 |
John Thomas Thorp (W) |
16 January 1776 |
6 November 1835 |
|
1820 |
1826 |
Sir William Curtis, Bt (T) |
25 January 1752 |
18 January 1829 |
|
1820 |
1826 |
George Bridges (T) |
c. 1763 |
1840 |
|
1826 |
1832 |
William Thompson (T) |
1793 |
10 March 1854 |
|
1826 |
1833 |
Robert Waithman (W, L) |
c. 1764 |
6 February 1833 |
|
1826 |
1831 |
William Ward (T) |
24 July 1787 |
30 June 1849 |
|
1831 |
1832 |
William Venables (W) |
c. 1786 |
1840 |
|
1832 |
1841 |
George Grote (L) |
17 November 1794 |
18 June 1871 |
|
1832 |
1833 |
Sir John Key, Bt (L) |
1795 |
15 July 1858 |
|
1833 |
1835 |
George Lyall (C) |
1784 |
1 September 1853 |
|
1833 |
1841 |
William Crawford (L) |
... |
... |
|
1835 |
1841 |
James Pattison (L) |
1786 |
June 1849 |
|
1841 |
1857 |
John Masterman (C) |
... |
23 January 1862 |
|
1841 |
1847 |
George Lyall (C) |
1784 |
1 September 1853 |
|
1841 |
1861 |
Lord John Russell (L) |
19 August 1792 |
28 May 1878 |
|
1843 |
1849 |
James Pattison (L) |
1786 |
June 1849 |
|
1847 |
1868 |
Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (L) |
22 November 1808 |
3 June 1879 |
|
1849 |
1865 |
Sir James Duke, Bt (L) |
31 January 1792 |
8 May 1873 |
|
1857 |
1874 |
Robert Wigram Crawford (L) |
1813 |
30 July 1889 |
|
1861 |
1863 |
Western Wood (L) |
4 January 1804 |
17 May 1863 |
|
1863 |
1880 |
George Joachim Goschen (L) |
10 August 1831 |
7 February 1907 |
|
1865 |
1874 |
William Lawrence (L) |
1818 |
April 1897 |
|
1868 |
1869 |
Charles Bell (C) |
1805 |
9 February 1869 |
|
1869 |
1874 |
Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (L) |
22 November 1808 |
3 June 1879 |
|
1874 |
1885 |
William James Richmond Cotton (C) |
1822 |
4 June 1902 |
|
1874 |
1880 |
Philip Twells (C) |
1808 |
8 May 1880 |
|
1874 |
1887 |
John Gellibrand Hubbard (C) |
21 March 1805 |
28 August 1889 |
|
1880 |
1891 |
Sir Robert Nicholas Fowler, Bt (C) |
12 September 1828 |
22 May 1891 |
|
1880 |
1885 |
William Lawrence (L) |
1818 |
April 1897 |
|
1887 |
1891 |
Thomas Charles Baring (C) |
1831 |
2 April 1891 |
|
1891 |
1892 |
Henry Hucks Gibbs (C) |
31 May 1840 |
13 September 1907 |
|
1891 |
1900 |
Sir Reginald Hanson, Bt (C) |
31 August 1819 |
18 April 1905 |
|
1892 |
1906 |
Alban George Henry Gibbs (C) |
23 April 1846 |
9 May 1936 |
|
1900 |
1906 |
Sir Joseph Cockfield Dimsdale (C) |
19 January 1849 |
9 August 1912 |
|
1906 |
1906 |
Sir Edward George Clarke (C) |
15 February 1841 |
26 April 1931 |
|
1906 |
1922 |
Arthur James Balfour (C) |
25 July 1848 |
19 March 1930 |
|
1906 |
1924 |
Sir Frederick George Banbury, Bt (C) |
2 December 1850 |
13 August 1936 |
|
1922 |
1935 |
Edward Charles Grenfell (C) |
29 May 1870 |
26 November 1941 |
|
1924 |
1938 |
Sir Thomas Vansittart Bowater, Bt (C) |
20 October 1862 |
28 March 1938 |
|
1935 |
1940 |
Sir Alan Garrett Anderson (C) |
9 March 1877 |
4 May 1952 |
|
1938 |
1945 |
Sir George Thomas Broadbridge, Bt (C) |
13 February 1869 |
16 April 1952 |
|
1940 |
1950 |
Sir Andrew Rae Duncan (Nat) |
3 June 1884 |
30 March 1952 |
|
1945 |
1950 |
Ralph Assheton (C) |
24 February 1901 |
18 September 1984 |
- Constituency abolished (1950)
- Note (1918-1922): Balfour and Banbury were Coalition Conservative MPs
[edit] Elections
In multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one to four (or up to two in two-member elections 1885-1950) candidates, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected. In 1868 the limited vote was introduced, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections to fill four seats.
In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.
After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In multi-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by four (to 1868), three (1868-1885) and two thereafter. To the extent that electors did not use all their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout.
Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote.
Candidates for whom no party has been identified are classified as Non Partisan. The candidate might have been associated with a party or faction in Parliament or consider himself to belong to a particular political tradition. Political parties before the nineteenth century were not as cohesive or organised as they later became. Contemporary commentators (even the reputed leaders of parties or factions) in the eighteenth century did not necessarily agree who the party supporters were. The traditional parties, which had arisen in the late seventeenth century, became increasingly irrelevant to politics in the eighteenth century (particularly after 1760), although for some contests in some constituencies party labels were still used. It was only towards the end of the century that party labels began to acquire some meaning again, although this process was by no means complete for several more generations.
Sources: The results are based on the History of Parliament Trust's volumes on the House of Commons in various periods from 1715-1820, Stooks Smith from 1820 until 1832 and Craig from 1832. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information this is indicated in a note. See references below for further details of these sources.
Dates of general and by-elections from 1660-1715 (excluding general elections at which no new MP was returned)
- 27 Mar 1660
- 19 Mar 1661
- 10 Feb 1663
- 17 Feb 1679
- 15 May 1685
- 9 Jan 1689
- 14 May 1689
- 11 Mar 1690
- 2 Mar 1693
- 25 Oct 1695
|
- 30 Jul 1698
- 1 Feb 1701
- 20 Mar 1701
- 24 Nov 1701
- 18 Aug 1702
- 17 May 1705
- 16 Dec 1707
- 14 May 1708
- 16 Nov 1710
|
[edit] Parliament of Great Britain 1713-1800
General Election 1713: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Tory |
Sir Richard Hoare |
3,842 |
12.84 |
N/A |
|
Tory |
Sir George Newland |
3,826 |
12.78 |
N/A |
|
Tory |
Sir John Cass |
3,802 |
12.70 |
N/A |
|
Tory |
Sir William Withers |
3,763 |
12.57 |
N/A |
|
Whig |
John Ward |
3,730 |
12.46 |
N/A |
|
Whig |
Robert Heysham |
3,688 |
12.32 |
N/A |
|
Whig |
Peter Godfrey |
3,657 |
12.22 |
N/A |
|
Whig |
Thomas Scawen |
3,625 |
12.11 |
N/A |
- 6,787 voted. The losing candidates demanded a scrutiny, which did not change the result. (Source: Copy of the pollbook
General Election 29 January 1715: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
Robert Heysham |
3,499 |
13.86 |
N/A |
|
Whig |
Sir John Ward |
3,475 |
13.76 |
N/A |
|
Tory |
Peter Godfrey |
3,471 |
13.75 |
N/A |
|
Whig |
Sir Thomas Scawen |
3,439 |
13.62 |
N/A |
|
Tory |
Sir John Cass |
2,884 |
11.42 |
N/A |
|
Tory |
Sir William Withers |
2,879 |
11.40 |
N/A |
|
Tory |
Sir William Stewart |
2,828 |
11.20 |
N/A |
|
Tory |
Sir George Mertinns |
2,774 |
10.99 |
N/A |
General Election 9 May 1722: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Tory |
Richard Lockwood |
4,235 |
18.40 |
+18.40 |
|
Whig |
John Barnard |
3,980 |
17.29 |
+17.29 |
|
Tory |
Peter Godfrey |
3,852 |
16.74 |
+2.99 |
|
Tory |
Francis Child |
3,784 |
16.44 |
+16.44 |
|
Tory |
Humphrey Parsons |
3,593 |
15.61 |
+15.61 |
|
Whig |
Robert Heysham |
3,573 |
15.52 |
+1.66 |
- After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to Lockwood 4,025; Barnard 3,840; Godfrey 3,723; Child 3,575; Heysham 3,441; Parsons 3,393.
- Death of Godfrey 10 November 1724
By-Election 11 December 1724: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Richard Hopkins |
3,332 |
53.37 |
+53.37 |
|
Non Partisan |
Charles Goodfellow |
2,911 |
46.63 |
+46.63 |
Majority |
421 |
6.74 |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan gain from Tory |
Swing |
N/A |
|
General Election 24 November 1727: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
Sir John Eyles |
3,643 |
13.71 |
+13.71 |
|
Whig |
John Barnard |
3,620 |
13.62 |
-3.67 |
|
Whig |
Micajah Perry |
3,494 |
13.15 |
+13.15 |
|
Tory |
Humphry Parsons |
3,370 |
12.68 |
-2.93 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir John Thompson |
3,340 |
12.57 |
+12.57 |
|
Tory |
Richard Lockwood |
3,086 |
11.61 |
-6.79 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir John Williams |
3,017 |
11.35 |
+11.35 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Richard Hopkins |
3,010 |
11.32 |
+11.32 |
- After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to Eyles 3,539; Barnard 3,514; Perry 3,396; Parsons 3,255; Thompson 3,244; Lockwood 2,977; Hopkins 2,921; Williams 2,914.
General Election 10 May 1734: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Tory |
Humphrey Parsons |
3,932 |
21.92 |
+9.24 |
|
Whig |
Sir John Barnard |
3,841 |
21.41 |
+7.79 |
|
Whig |
Micajah Perry |
3,725 |
20.76 |
+7.61 |
|
Tory |
Robert Willimot |
2,984 |
16.63 |
+16.63 |
|
Tory |
John Barber |
2,381 |
13.27 |
+13.27 |
|
Tory |
Robert Godschall |
1,078 |
6.01 |
+6.01 |
- Note (1734): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 13 May 1741: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
Sir John Barnard |
3,769 |
21.35 |
-0.06 |
|
Tory |
George Heathcote |
3,322 |
18.82 |
+18.82 |
|
Tory |
Daniel Lambert |
3,217 |
18.23 |
+18.23 |
|
Tory |
Sir Robert Godschall |
3,143 |
17.81 |
+11.80 |
|
Whig |
Micajah Perry |
1,713 |
9.71 |
-11.05 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Edward Bellamy |
1,312 |
7.43 |
+7.43 |
|
Non Partisan |
Admiral Edward Vernon |
1,175 |
6.66 |
+6.66 |
- Note (1741): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Godschall 26 June 1742
By-Election 13 July 1742: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
William Calvert |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Whig gain from Tory |
Swing |
N/A |
|
General Election 10 July 1747: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
Sir William Calvert |
3,806 |
20.85 |
+20.85 |
|
Whig |
Sir John Barnard |
3,781 |
20.71 |
-0.64 |
|
Whig |
Slingsby Bethell |
3,146 |
17.23 |
+17.23 |
|
Whig |
Stephen Theodore Janssen |
3,008 |
16.48 |
+16.48 |
|
Tory |
Sir Daniel Lambert |
2,530 |
13.86 |
-4.37 |
|
Tory |
Sir Robert Ladbroke |
1,986 |
10.88 |
+10.88 |
General Election 7 May 1754: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir John Barnard |
3,553 |
18.96 |
-1.75 |
|
Non Partisan |
Slingsby Bethell |
3,547 |
18.93 |
+1.70 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Robert Ladbroke |
3,390 |
18.09 |
+7.21 |
|
Non Partisan |
William Beckford |
2,941 |
15.70 |
+15.70 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Richard Glyn |
2,655 |
14.17 |
+14.17 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir William Calvert |
2,650 |
14.14 |
-6.71 |
- Note (1754): Poll 7 days, 5,931 voted (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Bethell 1 November 1758
By-Election 30 November 1758: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Richard Glyn |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
General Election 4 April 1761: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Robert Ladbroke |
4,306 |
23.36 |
+5.27 |
|
Non Partisan |
Hon. Thomas Harley |
3,983 |
21.61 |
+21.61 |
|
Non Partisan |
William Beckford |
3,663 |
19.87 |
+4.17 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Richard Glyn |
3,285 |
17.83 |
+3.66 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Samuel Fludyer, Bt |
3,193 |
17.32 |
+17.32 |
- Note (1761): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 25 March 1768: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Hon. Thomas Harley |
3,729 |
19.02 |
-2.59 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Robert Ladbroke |
3,678 |
18.76 |
-4.60 |
|
Non Partisan |
William Beckford |
3,402 |
17.35 |
-2.52 |
|
Non Partisan |
Barlow Trecothick |
2,957 |
15.08 |
+15.08 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Richard Glyn, Bt |
2,823 |
14.40 |
-3.43 |
|
Non Partisan |
John Paterson |
1,769 |
9.02 |
+9.02 |
|
Non Partisan |
John Wilkes |
1,247 |
6.36 |
+6.36 |
By-Election 11 July 1770: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Richard Oliver |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
By-Election 23 December 1773: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Frederick Bull |
2,695 |
52.07 |
+52.07 |
|
Non Partisan |
John Roberts |
2,481 |
47.93 |
+47.93 |
Majority |
214 |
4.13 |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
General Election 18 October 1774: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
John Sawbridge |
3,456 |
17.81 |
+17.81 |
|
Non Partisan |
George Hayley |
3,390 |
17.47 |
+17.47 |
|
Non Partisan |
Richard Oliver |
3,354 |
17.28 |
+17.28 |
|
Non Partisan |
Frederick Bull |
3,096 |
15.95 |
+15.95 |
|
Non Partisan |
William Baker |
2,802 |
14.44 |
+14.44 |
|
Non Partisan |
Brass Crosby |
1,913 |
9.86 |
+9.86 |
|
Non Partisan |
John Roberts |
1,398 |
7.20 |
+7.20 |
General Election 19 September 1780: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
George Hayley |
4,062 |
21.63 |
+4.16 |
|
Non Partisan |
John Kirkman |
3,804 |
20.26 |
+20.26 |
|
Non Partisan |
Frederick Bull |
3,150 |
16.77 |
+0.83 |
|
Non Partisan |
Nathaniel Newnham |
3,036 |
16.17 |
+16.17 |
|
Non Partisan |
John Sawbridge |
2,957 |
15.75 |
-2.06 |
|
Non Partisan |
Richard Clarke |
1,771 |
9.43 |
+9.43 |
By-Election 28 November 1780: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
John Sawbridge |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
By-Election 2 October 1781: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Watkin Lewes |
2,685 |
53.05 |
+53.05 |
|
Non Partisan |
Richard Clarke |
2,387 |
46.95 |
+37.52 |
Majority |
309 |
6.11 |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
By-Election 26 January 1784: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Brook Watson |
2,097 |
66.78 |
+66.78 |
|
Non Partisan |
Brass Crosby |
1,043 |
33.22 |
+33.22 |
Majority |
1,054 |
33.57 |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
- Note (1784 be): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 7 May 1784: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
Brook Watson |
4,776 |
24.19 |
+24.19 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Watkin Lewes |
4,541 |
23.00 |
+23.00 |
|
Non Partisan |
Nathaniel Newnham |
4,467 |
22.63 |
+6.46 |
|
Non Partisan |
John Sawbridge |
2,812 |
14.24 |
-1.51 |
|
Non Partisan |
Richard Atkinson |
2,803 |
14.20 |
+14.20 |
|
Non Partisan |
Samuel Smith |
286 |
1.45 |
+1.45 |
|
Non Partisan |
Rt Hon. William Pitt |
56 |
0.28 |
+0.28 |
- Note (1784): Poll 7 days. Mr Pitt was returned on the show of hands, but retired before the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 26 June 1790: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
William Curtis |
4,346 |
22.16 |
+22.16 |
|
Non Partisan |
Brook Watson |
4,101 |
20.91 |
-3.28 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Watkin Lewes |
3,747 |
19.10 |
-3.90 |
|
Non Partisan |
John Sawbridge |
3,686 |
18.79 |
+4.55 |
|
Non Partisan |
Nathaniel Newnham |
2,670 |
13.61 |
-9.02 |
|
Non Partisan |
William Pickett |
1,064 |
5.42 |
+5.42 |
- Note (1790): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Appointment of Watson as Commisary General
By-Election 6 March 1793: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
John William Anderson |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
- Note (1793): Mr Newnham was a candidate, but declined to go to the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Sawbridge 21 February 1795
By-Election 12 March 1795: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
William Lushington |
2,334 |
59.94 |
+59.94 |
|
Non Partisan |
Harvey Christian Combe |
1,560 |
40.06 |
+40.06 |
Majority |
774 |
19.88 |
N/A |
|
Non Partisan hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
- Note (1795): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 2 June 1796: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Non Partisan |
William Lushington |
4,379 |
20.97 |
+20.97 |
|
Non Partisan |
William Curtis |
4,313 |
20.66 |
-1.50 |
|
Non Partisan |
Harvey Christian Combe |
3,865 |
18.51 |
+18.51 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir John William Anderson, Bt |
3,170 |
15.18 |
+15.18 |
|
Non Partisan |
William Pickett |
2,795 |
13.39 |
+7.97 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Watkin Lewes |
2,356 |
11.28 |
-7.82 |
- Note (1796): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
[edit] Parliament of the United Kingdom (4 seats) 1801-1885
General Election 6 July 1802: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
Harvey Christian Combe |
3,377 |
23.91 |
+5.40 |
|
Tory |
Charles Price |
3,236 |
22.91 |
+22.91 |
|
Tory |
William Curtis |
2,989 |
21.16 |
+0.50 |
|
Tory |
Sir John William Anderson, Bt |
2,387 |
16.90 |
+1.72 |
|
Whig |
Benjamin Travers |
1,371 |
9.71 |
+9.71 |
|
Non Partisan |
Sir Watkin Lewes |
652 |
4.62 |
-6.66 |
|
Non Partisan |
William Lushington |
113 |
0.80 |
-20.17 |
- Note (1802): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 31 October 1806: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
Harvey Christian Combe |
2,294 |
24.11 |
+0.20 |
|
Tory |
James Shaw |
2,275 |
23.91 |
+23.91 |
|
Tory |
Sir Charles Price, Bt |
2,254 |
23.69 |
+0.78 |
|
Tory |
Sir William Curtis, Bt |
2,213 |
23.26 |
+2.10 |
|
Tory |
John Atkins |
314 |
3.30 |
+3.30 |
|
Whig |
John Peter Hankey |
164 |
1.72 |
+1.72 |
- Note (1806): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 1807: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Tory |
Sir Charles Price, Bt |
3,117 |
26.30 |
+2.61 |
|
Tory |
Sir William Curtis, Bt |
3,059 |
25.81 |
+2.55 |
|
Tory |
James Shaw |
2,863 |
24.15 |
+0.24 |
|
Whig |
Harvey Christian Combe |
2,588 |
21.83 |
-2.28 |
|
Whig |
John Peter Hankey |
226 |
1.91 |
+0.19 |
- Note (1807): Mr Hankey died on the afternoon of the first day's polling. All the candidates voted for him. (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 5 October 1812: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
Harvey Christian Combe |
5,125 |
22.85 |
+1.02 |
|
Tory |
Sir William Curtis, Bt |
4,577 |
20.40 |
-5.41 |
|
Tory |
Sir James Shaw |
4,082 |
18.20 |
-5.95 |
|
Tory |
John Atkins |
3,645 |
16.25 |
+16.25 |
|
Whig |
Robert Waithman |
2,622 |
11.69 |
+11.69 |
|
Whig |
Matthew Wood |
2,373 |
10.58 |
+10.58 |
|
Non Partisan |
Claudius Stephen Hunter |
8 |
0.04 |
+0.04 |
- Note (1812): Mr Hunter, the Lord Mayor of London, retired before the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Resignation of Combe
By-Election 10 June 1817: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Whig |
Matthew Wood |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Whig hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
- Note (1818): Poll 7 days, 7,978 voted. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1820): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1826): Poll 7 days. 8,639 voted. Alderman Garrett was proposed without his consent. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1832): 11,500 voted. Grote and Scales were classified as Radical candidates. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Waithman 6 February 1833
By-Election 27 February 1833: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Conservative |
George Lyall |
5,569 |
55.16 |
+40.62 |
|
Liberal |
William Venables |
4,527 |
44.84 |
+44.84 |
Majority |
1,042 |
10.32 |
N/A |
Turnout |
18,584 |
54.33 |
-7.55 |
|
Conservative gain from Liberal |
Swing |
N/A |
|
By-Election 12 August 1833: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Liberal |
William Crawford |
4,041 |
66.85 |
+22.01 |
|
Conservative |
Francis Kemble |
2,004 |
33.15 |
-22.01 |
Majority |
2,037 |
33.70 |
N/A |
Turnout |
18,584 |
32.53 |
-21.80 |
|
Liberal hold |
Swing |
-22.01 |
|
- Note (1835): 18,228 registered electors (Craig's figure is used in the turnout calculation). 11,456 voted. Grote was classified as a Radical candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1837): 19,466 registered electors (Craig's figure is used in the turnout calculation). 11,932 voted. Grote was classified as a Radical candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 28 June 1841: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Conservative |
John Masterman |
6,339 |
12.80 |
+12.80 |
|
Liberal |
Sir Matthew Wood, Bt |
6,315 |
12.75 |
-8.68 |
|
Conservative |
George Lyall |
6,290 |
12.70 |
+12.70 |
|
Liberal |
Rt Hon. Lord John Russell |
6,221 |
12.56 |
+12.56 |
|
Conservative |
Matthias Wolverley Attwood |
6,212 |
12.54 |
+12.54 |
|
Liberal |
James Pattison |
6,070 |
12.26 |
-7.70 |
|
Liberal |
William Crawford |
6,065 |
12.25 |
-7.71 |
|
Conservative |
John Pirie |
6,017 |
12.15 |
+12.15 |
Turnout |
19,068 |
64.94 |
+4.30 |
- Note (1841): 19,678 registered electors (Craig's figure is used in the turnout calculation). (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Wood 25 September 1843
By-Election 20 October 1843: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Liberal |
James Pattison |
6,532 |
50.64 |
+38.38 |
|
Conservative |
Thomas Baring |
6,367 |
49.36 |
+49.36 |
Majority |
165 |
1.28 |
N/A |
Turnout |
20,030 |
64.40 |
-0.54 |
|
Liberal hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
- Appointment of Russell as Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury
General Election 28 July 1847: City of London (4 seats) |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Liberal |
Rt Hon. Lord John Russell |
7,137 |
14.29 |
+1.73 |
|
Liberal |
James Pattison |
7,030 |
14.07 |
+1.81 |
|
Liberal |
Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild |
6,792 |
13.60 |
+13.60 |
|
Conservative |
John Masterman |
6,722 |
13.46 |
+0.66 |
|
Liberal |
Sir George G.de H. Larpent, Bt |
6,719 |
13.45 |
+13.45 |
|
Conservative |
R. Cooper Lee Bevan |
5,268 |
10.55 |
+10.55 |
|
Conservative |
John Johnson |
5,069 |
10.15 |
+10.15 |
|
Conservative |
James William Freshfield |
4,704 |
9.42 |
+9.42 |
|
Liberal |
William Payne |
513 |
1.03 |
+1.03 |
Turnout |
20,057 |
66.99 |
+2.05 |
- Note (1847): 20,472 registered electors (Craig's figure is used in the turnout calculation). 13,437 voted. De Rothschild and Payne were classified as Reformer candidates. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Resignation of de Rothschild to seek re-election after rejection of the Jewish Disabilities Bill
- Note (1849): De Rothschild was classified as a Reformer candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Pattison June 1849
By-Election 27 July 1849: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Liberal |
Sir James Duke |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Liberal hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
- Resignation of de Rothschild to seek re-election after rejection of the Jewish Disabilities Bill
- Note (1868): Craig refers to Baron R.N. de Rothschild, but Stenton confirms the candidate was Baron L.N. de Rothschild
- Appointment of Goschen as President of the Poor Law Board
- Note (1874): Craig refers to Baron R.N. de Rothschild, but Stenton confirms the candidate was Baron L.N. de Rothschild
- Reduction of constituency to two seats, in the 1885 redistribution
[edit] Parliament of the United Kingdom (2 seats) 1885-1950
By-Election 27 July 1887: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Conservative |
Thomas Charles Baring |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Conservative hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
By-Election 18 April 1891: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Conservative |
(Henry) Hucks Gibbs |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Conservative hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
- Disqualification of Gibbs for undertaking a contract with the Admiralty
By-Election 15 June 1906: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Conservative |
Sir Frederick George Banbury, Bt |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Conservative hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
By-Election 26 June 1935: City of London |
Party |
Candidate |
Votes |
% |
±% |
|
Conservative |
Sir Alan Garrett Anderson |
Unopposed |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Conservative hold |
Swing |
N/A |
|
- Constituency abolished 1950
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1972)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1974)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
- The House of Commons 1715-1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
- The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
- The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844-50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
- Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
- The Times (of London), various editions, was used to obtain dates of elections or unopposed returns and first names of candidates not available in the above books (from 1885 to 1910). The dates of declarations are used before 1885 and the dates of the General Election polling day from 1918.