Cisalpine Gaul
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Cisalpine Gaul (Latin: Gallia Cisalpina, meaning "Gaul this side of the Alps") was a province of the Roman Republic, in the territory of modern-day northern Italy (including Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Lombardy, Piedmont, Trentino-South Tyrol and Veneto). Sometimes referred to as Gallia Citerior (Hither Gaul), Provincia Ariminum, or Gallia Togata (Toga-wearing Gaul, indicating the region's early Romanization). Gallia Transpadana denoted that part of Cisalpine Gaul between the Po and the Alps. The province was governed from Mutina (modern-day Modena), where in 73 BCE forces under Spartacus defeated the legion of Gaius Cassius Longinus, the provincial governor.
The River Rubicon marked its southern boundary with Italia proper. and it was upon crossing this river, in 49BC, that Julius Caesar, with his battle-hardened legions after the conquest of Gaul, precipitated the Roman Republic into civil war and to the eventual establishment of the Roman Empire.
The province was merged into Italia about 43–42 BCE, as part of Octavian's "Italicization" program during the Second Triumvirate. The end of the provincia required a new governing law or lex, though its contemporary title is unknown. The parts of it that are inscribed on a bronze tablet preserved in the museum at Parma are entirely concerned with arranging the judiciary; the lex appoints two viri and four viri juri dicundo. The lex also mentions a Prefect of Mutina. [1] Virgil was born in Gallia Cisalpina, and was the province's most famous son.
