Cinema Novo
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Cinema Novo was a movement among Brazilian film makers in the second half of the 20th century, summarized by the phrase "Uma câmera na mão e uma idéia na cabeça" (which translates to "A camera in the hand and an idea in the head"). The movement included directors Glauber Rocha, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, and Joaquim Pedro de Andrade. Its main topics revolved around Brazilian poverty, mainly using the dry northeast and large cities as settings.
Cinema Novo can also refer to Portuguese cinema made between 1963 and the revolution in 1974 by directors such as Fernando Lopes, Paulo Rocha and António da Cunha Telles amongst others. Like other new waves of the period the influence of Italian Neo-Realism and the burgeoning ideas of the Nouvelle Vague can be felt keenly. It is also sometimes called the Novo Cinema, perhaps to avoid confusion with its Brazilian counterpart.