Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
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Cağaloğlu Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1545-1605), as he is called in our day (Ottoman sources refer to him as Cigalazade, which has the same meaning, son of Cigala or Cağal) was an Ottoman statesman of Italian background, who held the office of Grand Vizier for forty days between 27 October to 5 December 1596, during the reign of Mehmed III.
He was born in Messina in Sicily circa 1545, and was of noble extraction, a member of the Genoese house of Cicala. His Christian name was Scipione Cicala. His father, a Viscount (di Cicala), was, according to Gerlach, a corsair in the service of Spain, while his mother is said to have been a Turk from Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi today). The Visconte and his son, captured at the Battle of Djerba by the Turkish navy in 1560 or 1561 were taken first to Tripoli in North Africa and then to İstanbul. The father was in due course redeemed from captivity and, after living for some time at Beyoğlu (Pera), returned to Messina, where he died in 1564. His son, Scipione, became however, a Muslim and was trained in the Imperial Palace, rising to the rank of silahtar and later was married, first to one (1573) and then (1576) to another great-grand-daughter of Süleyman the Magnificent. He found himself assured of wealth, high office and protection at the Porte.
He became Agha of the Janissaries in 1575 and retained this office until 1578. During the next phase of his career he saw much active service in the long Ottoman-Persian war of 1578-1590. He was beylerbey of Van in 1583, and assumed command, in the same year, of the great fortress of Erivan —he was then raised to the rank of vizier— and also had a prominent role. once more as Beylerley of Van, in the campaign of 1585 against Tabriz. As Beylerbey of Bayazıt, an appointment which he received in 1586, he fought with success in western Persia during the last years of the war, reducing Nihavand and Hamadan to Ottoman control.
After the peace of 1590 he was made Beylerbey of Erzurum and in 1591 became Kapudan Pasha, i.e. High Admiral of the Ottoman fleet —an office that he held until 1595. During the third Grand Vizierate (1593-1595) of Koca Sinan Pasha he was advanced to the rank of fourth Vizier. At that time, the Ottomans had been at war with Austria since 1593. Cağaloğlu Yusuf Sinan Pasha, having been appointed third Vizier, accompanied Sultan Mehmed III on the Hungarian campaign of 1596. He tried in vain to relieve the fortress of Hatvan, which fell in September 1596. He was present at the successful Ottoman siege of Eğri (Erlau) (September-October 1596) and, at the Battle of Mezö-Keresztes in October 1596, and took part in the final assault that turned an imminent defeat into a notable triumph for the Ottomans. In reward for his services, he was now made Grand Vizier, but the discontent arising from the measures which he used in an effort to restore discipline amongst the Ottoman forces, the troubles which followed his intervention in the affairs of the Crimean Tatars, and the existence at court of powerful influences eager to restore Damat İbrahim Pasha to the Grand Vizierate, brought about his deposition from this office after 40 days.
He became the Beylerbey of Damascus in December 1597-January 1598 and then, in May 1599, was made Kapudan Pasha for the second time. In 1604, he assumed command of the eastern front, where a new war between the Ottomans and the Persians had broken out in the preceding year. His campaign of 1605 was unsuccessful, the forces that he led towards Tebriz suffering defeat near the shore of Lake Urmiya. Cağaloğlu had to withdraw to the fortress of Van and thence in the direction of Diyarbekir. He died in the course of this retreat in December 1605.
The Cağaloğlu quarter in İstanbul, a household name in Turkey for having been the equivalent of London's Fleet Street as the press center, and where Cağaloğlu Yusuf Sinan Pasha had constructed a palace and a hammam (Turkish bath) is named after him and carries his name to our day.
