Chlorothiazide

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Chlorothiazide
Systematic (IUPAC) name
6-chloro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide
Identifiers
CAS number	58-94-6
ATC code	C03AA04
PubChem	2720
DrugBank	APRD00721
Chemical data
Formula	C7H6N3ClO4S2
Mol. weight	295.725 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	Nil
Half life	45 to 120 minutes
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	C(US)
Legal status	℞-only(US)
Routes	Oral

Chlorothiazide sodium (Diuril®) is a diuretic used within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure. It is also used as an antihypertensive.

Most often taken in pill form, it is usually taken orally once or twice a day. In the ICU setting, chlorothiazide is given to diurese a patient in addition to furosemide (Lasix®). Working in a separate mechanism than furosemide, and absorbed enterically as a reconstituted suspension administered through a nasogastric tube (NG tube), the two drugs potentiate one another without risk of toxicity. Because it is absorbed enterically there are no risks associated with chlorothiazide as there are with furosemide administration.

Contents 1 Indications 2 Contraindications 3 Dose 4 Side effects 5 External links

[edit] Indications

• Large amount of excess fluid including:
  • Diagnosed congested heart failure
  • Pedal edema
  • Rales / Ronchi
  • Hypertension

[edit] Contraindications

• Renal failure or insufficency
• Allergies to sulfa drugs

[edit] Dose

• 500 mg–1 g once or twice a day, by mouth or through NG tube (reconstituted suspension)

[edit] Side effects

• Nausea / Vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Excess urine production
• Dehydration
• Hypoelectrolytemia (esp. hypokalemia / hypomagnesia)

[edit] External links

• Links to external chemical sources.

Antihypertensives (C02) and diuretics (C03) edit
Antiadrenergic agents (including alpha):	Clonidine, Doxazosin, Guanethidine, Guanfacine, Lofexidine, Mecamylamine, Methyldopa, Moxonidine, Prazosin, Rescinnamine, Reserpine
Vasodilators:	Diazoxide, Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Nitroprusside, Phentolamine
Other antihypertensives:	Bosentan, Ketanserin
Low ceiling diuretics:	Bendroflumethiazide, Chlorothiazide, Chlortalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide, Quinethazone, Mersalyl, Metolazone, Theobromine
High ceiling diuretics:	Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torasemide
Potassium-sparing diuretics:	Amiloride, Eplerenone, Spironolactone, Triamterene