Chittagong Hill Tracts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Chittagong Hill Tracts comprise an area of 13,180 km2 in south-eastern Bangladesh, and borders India and Myanmar (Burma). It was a single district of Bangladesh till 1984. In that year it was divided into three separate districts: Khagrachari, Rangamati and Bandarban.
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[edit] Population
The population is between 1 million and 1.5 million. About 50% of the population are tribals and mainly followers of Theravada Buddhism. 45% of the inhabitants are Bengali Muslim settlers. The remainder are followers of Hinduism, Christianity. and Animism.
The local tribes, collectively known as the Jumma, include the Chakma, Marma, Tripura, Tenchungya, Chak, Pankho, Mru, Murung, Bawm, Lushai, Khyang, and Khumi.
[edit] History
The Chittagong Hill Tracts, combining three hilly districts of Bangladesh were once known as Korpos Mohol, the name used until 1860.In 1860 it was annexed by the British and was made an administrative district of Bengal. As of today, it is a semi autonumous region within Bangladesh comprising the districts, namely, Chengmi [Hagracuri (Khagrachari) Hill District], Gongkabor (Rangamati Hill District), and Arvumi (Bandarban Hill District).
During the 1970s and 80s, there were attempts by the Government to resettle the area with Bengali people, a tendency prevalent in most sub-continental governments of the day including Pakistan. These attempts were resisted by the tribals, who with the latent support of neighbouring India, formed a guerilla force called Shanti Bahini. As a result of the tribal resistance movement, successive governments turned the Hill Tracts into a militarised zone. A good source of information on Shanti Bahini and, indeed, on the Chittagong Hill Tracts people, is the letter to the editor of the New York Times by Professor Bernard Nietschmann published on October 25, 1986 (archived by the Fourth World Documentation Project) at the Center for World Indigenous Studies website.
The Bangladeshi army have been accused of numerous human rights violations within the Hill Tracts, and their personnel have been accused of torture, killings and abduction. Amongst these, the disappearance of Chakma political activist Kalpana Chakma in 1996 attracted widespread condemnation.
Following years of unrest, an agreement was formed between the Government of Bangladesh and the tribal leaders which granted a limited level of autonomy to the elected council of the three hill districts.
The 1996 Peace Treaty signed between the then Sheikh Hasina Government and the Jana Shanghati Shamiti or Shanti Bahini has been opposed by the opposition parties as well as a fraction of the tribal rebels. Opposition parties of the time argued the autonomy granted in the treaty ignored the Bengali settlers. The successive Khaleda Zia government promised to implement the peace treaty, despite their opposition to it during the previous government's term.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
The Chittagong Hill Tracts are also known as Jumland, and the population is Jummo/Jumma
[edit] External links
- Banglapedia article on Chittagong Hill Tracts
- Ali, M. Emran and Toshiyuki Tsuchiya, Land Rights of the Indigenous People of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh: A Historical Analysis of Policy Issues. Fourth World Journal, Volume 5, Number 1.
- S. Dewan, Horrors in the Chittagong Hilltracts. Center For World Indigenous Studies.
- Chittagong Hill Tracts travel guide from Wikitravel
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