Charles Conder
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Charles Edward Conder (24 October 1868 - 9 February 1909) was an English-born painter, who emigrated to Australia and was a key figure in the Heidelberg School, arguably the beginning of a distinctively Australian tradition in Western art.
Born in Tottenham, Middlesex, he spent several years as a young child in India before the death of his mother and a subseqent education in an English boarding school. Sent to Sydney in 1884 in an attempt by his father to discourage him from his artworks, he initially worked as a surveyor in country New South Wales, but by 1886 had begun lessons and had joined the local art society.
Meeting Tom Roberts in 1888, he decided to move to Melbourne. Short of cash, the attractive Conder apparently paid off his landlady by physical means, catching syphilis in the process, which was to plague the later years of his life. In the two years in Melbourne Conder worked with the other members of the school and produced a number of famous works, including "Under The Southern Sun". This painting clearly shows the burning sunlight and desolation that can be inflicted by an Australian drought.
In Sydney and later Melbourne Conder associated with G.P. Nerli an itinerant Italian painter and the bearer of new European influences who has been credited with shaping Conder's development. The extent of the influence has been debated, but the fact of it is undeniable. Like Conder Nerli was a bon-vivant whose appreciation of the 'dam fine' 'Melbourne girls' survives in a letter to a mutual friend, Percy Spence.
Conder was a fun loving man who painted with an often humorous touch. His painting of A Holiday at Mentone (1888) shows people at the beach relaxing. He shows the current culture how the men and women at beaches at this time were clothed from head to foot, the men in suits and hats; the ladies in long girdled dresses with boots and pretty hats. The man and woman at the front of the painting face away from each other, yet possibly are interested in one another and watching each other through the corner of their eye. The mood is one of simple elegance and with a relaxed feel, as in the background people are strolling along the beach into the distance. The composition of the painting, with the bridge in the middle has possibly been borrowed from a James A.M. Whistler painting where there was a bridge running horizontally in the middle of the picture, as Conder among other painters such as Frederick McCubbin had been directly or indirectly influenced by Whistler.
Conder left Australia in 1890, and spent the rest of his life in Europe, mainly England, but visiting France on many occasions. His art was better received in England than in Paris. In 1892, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec painted his portrait, a portrait that now hangs in the National Gallery of Australia. He continued to paint, but his output was severely affected by continual poor health, including paralysis and a bout of delirium tremens. He married a wealthy widow, Stella Maris Bradford (nee MacAdams) in 1901, giving him financial security. His latter works are not nearly as well critically-regarded as his earlier Australian paintings.
He spent the last year of his life in a sanitorium before dying of "general paresis of the insane", in modern terms tertiary syphilis. In death, Conder's work was rated highly by many notable artists, such as Pissarro and Degas.
The Canberra suburb of Conder is named after him.
