CESNUR
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CESNUR is a center for studies on new religions, based in Turin, Italy. It was established in 1988 by a group of religious scholars from universities in Europe and the Americas, working in the field of new religious movements. Its director is the Italian attorney Massimo Introvigne. CESNUR claims to be independent of any religious group, church, denomination or association. It has evolved into a network of scholars and organizations who study the field.
Contents |
[edit] Aims
According to their website, the CESNUR is devoted to promote scholarly research in the field of new religious consciousness, and are dedicated to exposing the problems associated with some movements, while defending the principles of religious liberty. The work of CESNUR is financed by royalties on the books it publishes and from contributions from its members. The CESNUR is non-profit public entity, registered in the region of Piedmont, Italy.
CESNUR gives a greater weight to religious freedom than anti-cult activists and is critical about concepts like mind control, thought reform, and brainwashing asserting that they lack scientific and scholarly support and are mainly based on anecdotal evidence.
They do not believe that all religious movements are benign but oppose special laws against religious movements.
CESNUR sponsor yearly conferences in the field of new religions. Conferences have been held inter alia at the London School of Economics (1993 and 2001), the federal university of Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil (1994), the State university of Rome (1995), the Université de Montréal (1996), the Free university of Amsterdam (1997), the Industrial Union in Turin (1998), the Bryn Athyn College in Pennsylvania (1999), the university of Latvia in Riga (2000), the university of Utah and Brigham Young University (2002), and the university of Vilnius (2003).
CESNUR affiliated scholars include
- Eileen Barker, professor in sociology at the London School of Economics
- Reender Kranenborg of the Free university in Amsterdam
- late Jeffrey Hadden of the University of Virginia
- J. Gordon Melton of the Institute for the Study of American Religion (ISAR)
- Douglas Cowan, Professor of Sociology & Religious Studies, University of Missouri at Kansas City
- Anson Shupe, Professor of Sociology of the School of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University
- David Bromley, Professor of Sociology & Anthropology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Irving Hexham, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Calgary
[edit] Criticism and response
CESNUR has been criticized by the Christian countercult movement and cult-watching organizations, and some former members of purported cults. Anton Hein of the Apologetics Index describes it as having "[...] gained a reputation for being mostly uncritical and, in fact, supportive of movements considered to be cults by secular anticult- and/or Christian countercult professionals."
CESNUR rebuts these criticisms by saying that most of the information supplied by anti-cult activists are mainly theoretical and anecdoctal, mostly based on second-hand accounts by families of members, press-clippings, and accounts of ex-members who rationalize their past. One CESNUR affiliated scholar responds to Hein's criticisms by stating that "[...]Some of us—myself (Douglas Cowan), Eileen (Baker), Massimo (Introvigne), Jeff (Hadden), Irving Hexham, Anson Shupe, David Bromley, Gordon Melton—are listed on Hein's site as dedicated "cult apologists" of varying degrees of prominence. While his characterization of the understanding, motives, and expertise of these "cult apologists" is by-and-large inaccurate and insulting, it serves the agenda of the Countercult by placing these characterizations in the public library of the Internet.[...]"[1]. Cowan further asserts that "Cult apologists, are", by the way, those "claiming to champion religious freedom and religious tolerance."
Miguel Martinez questions CESNUR's claimed neutrality by referring to its closeness to the conservative Alleanza Cattolica and alleges that CESNUR is censoring critical websites.
Scholars Stephen A. Kent and Raffaella di Marzio consider CESNUR's representation of the brainwashing controversy one-sided, polemical and sometimes without scholarly value.
In an official OSCE report, Dick Marty, Swiss senator and member of the OECD Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, does not consider uncorroborated information from CESNUR reliable [2]:
- "The CESNUR report misrepresents the contents of the "Regards sur" newsletter: taking everything into account, there is insufficient credible evidence for the allegations to be made out."
- "As to the CESNUR document and in the absence of corroborative material, the Rapporteur views its credibility in the light of his conclusions on the partial and misleading report of the Beijing Conference."
For his part, Introvigne says: "In Germany (and France) conspirationist anti-cultists have accused CESNUR of being a front, inter alia, for Freemasonry, a "Methodist cult", the Roman Catholic Church and a number of Catholic organizations, including Opus Dei and Alleanza Cattolica. In turn, on April 5, 1998 members of the Raelian Movement protested against a CESNUR seminar in Torino, Italy, featuring the undersigned and J. Gordon Melton as speakers. The Raelians carried signposts accusing us of being part of a Catholic anti-cult conspiracy. By a common non sequitur, individual affiliations of scholars serving in the board of directors of CESNUR are attributed to the whole organization. While no director of CESNUR International (as far as I know) is a member of Opus Dei or of Freemasonry, one of the directors, J. Gordon Melton, is an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church, and I am a member of Alleanza Cattolica. The latter is a lay Catholic organization, enjoying a good relationship with a number of Italian Catholic dioceses where it is established, about which much nonsense has been written in Germany (perhaps based on the limited knowledge of Italian of some local anti-cultists). CESNUR's only institutional funding comes from the government of the State of Piedmont. CESNUR does not receive funds from any religious organization or institution, including the Roman Catholic Church and Alleanza Cattolica." [3]
