Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company
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The Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company (CAMCO) was the creation of American entrepreneur William Pawley, the Curtiss-Wright sales representative in China during the 1930s. Starting in 1933, CAMCO assembled (probably from factory-supplied kits) about 100 Hawk II and Hawk III fighter-bombers at a factory in Hangzhou. The planes had originally been designed as scout bombers for the U.S. Navy. They served as the blackbone of the Chinese Air Force during the first year of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945).
As Nationalist Chinese forces were driven back from the coast, CAMCO retreated with them. Pawley's factory was reconstituted in Hankou, where it repaired airplanes damaged in combat or by bombing, and may also have assembled some later-model Curtiss H-75 fighters, an export version of the U.S. Army's P-36 monoplane fighter. When Hankou fell, CAMCO moved to Hengyang and added Vultee V-11 light bombers to its product line.
CAMCO's final location was at Loiwing on the China-Burma frontier, supplied by the mountainous "Burma Road" from Rangoon (now Yangon, capital of Myanmar). The factory was financed by the Chinese Nationalist government in Chongqing.
In the winter of 1940-1941, Pawley became involved in the recruitment and supplying of the American Volunteer Group, later known as the Flying Tigers. AVG pilots were released from U.S. military service to serve as "instructors" for the Chinese; their employer of record was CAMCO, which also set up a factory at Mingaladon airport outside Rangoon to assemble the 100 Curtiss P-40 fighters sold to China to equip the AVG. From offices in Rangoon and New York City, CAMCO also provided housekeeping and record-keeping services for the AVG until its disbandment in July 1942.
Following the Allied retreat from Burma, the CAMCO plant was lost to the Japanese, and Pawley moved his operation to Bangalore, India, where he evidently joined forces with an Anglo-Indian firm, Hindustan Aircraft Ltd. Here he assembled Harlow trainers for the Indian Air Force and arguably launched Bangalore on its 20th century path as the high-tech center on the subcontinent.
