CEDADE

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CEDADE (from the initials of Círculo Español de Amigos de Europa or 'Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe') was a Spanish neo-Nazi group founded in West Germany in 1965 before moving to Barcelona the following year. Counting Léon Degrelle amongst its leading members, the Circle was intended as a study group and publishing house for materials relating to Nazism and Holocaust denial, with a remit towards closer co-operation across Europe. Establishing a branch in Madrid in 1973, the group had 2,500 Spanish members by 1985, with smaller groups also active elsewhere.^[1]

Initially led by Ángel Ricote, the group looked towards Italian fascism for inspiration, but under Pedro Aparicio it moved towards a Nazi position. Taking a European outlook, it set up groups in France, as well as in Latin America and registered as a political party in 1979 under the name of Partido Europeo Nacional Revolucionario (European National Revolutionary Party), although this initiative was not pursued. As a publishing house, however, CEDADE continued to grow and was soon publishing for a number of movements in Austria and Germany. Financial difficulties forced a major scaling down in activities around 1989-90 however, although the group did host an international centenary celebration of Hitler's birthday in 1989. The problems inherent in the movement did not go away however and they were officially dissolved in 1993. Members drifted away into various movements, with only Project IES representing a serious attempt at refoundation. This group has since changed its name to National Democracy.

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• Antisemitism and the Extreme Right in Spain (1962–1997)