CBS Mandate
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The CBS Mandate, which is also known as the Viacom Mandate, is a mandate used by both Viacom and now CBS Corporation on the company's owned-and-operated TV stations (O&Os) with regards to a universal style and look. Under the Mandate, the station is known as CBS, then the channel number of that particular station (or in WWJ-TV's case, "CBS Detroit", since the station is on UHF 62). The logos are also similar, and the color schemes are usually either blue, yellow, and white, or light blue and white. Sometimes, the location name is also added to the name as well (most likely to avoid confusion between stations that broadcast on the same channel number).
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[edit] Development
The CBS Mandate was first introduced in 1997 when, after Westinghouse Electric Corporation renamed itself CBS, CBS decided to implement similar branding on the company's three flagship stations: WCBS-TV in New York City, KCBS-TV in Los Angeles, and WBBM-TV in Chicago. Since all three stations are positioned on channel 2, they were referred to as "CBS2" in every single reference to the station except when the FCC mandates use of the call signs, which otherwise are absent altogether from the logo. The three stations, however, did not share identical graphics and music, or even the same logo.
Initially, only those three stations were mandated for this change, but after Viacom acquired CBS in 2000, this began to spread. From 2002 to early 2004, many of the other CBS O&Os began to implement such changes, with most of them literally changing overnight, some changing in association with CBS' coverage of Super Bowl XXXV in February 2001, or Super Bowl XXXVIII in February 2004. KYW-TV in Philadelphia, which adopted the "CBS3" moniker in January 2003, was one of the few that gave viewers notice prior to the changes. KOVR in Sacramento, which CBS acquired in 2005 from Sinclair Broadcast Group, is the most recent station to undergo these changes, as it was rebranded as "CBS13" later that year. KEYE in Austin was still branded simply as "K-EYE" even after changing ownership from Granite Broadcasting to CBS Corporation until 2005 when it was rebranded as "CBS42".
The light-blue and white color scheme made its debut on WBBM in 2002, with the arrival of new general manager Joe Ahern. Under Ahern, the station also returned to using its previous news theme, The Enforcer by Frank Gari. WCBS then adopted a color scheme with a darker shade of blue in 2003, and began using John Hegner's News in Focus as its news theme. (News in Focus was later absorbed into Gari's Enforcer.) The color scheme then spread to several other O&Os. In addition, many O&Os use the Helvetica font as part of their branding.
CBS has gotten mixed results from the changeovers, as stations are either struggling with this scheme (such as WBZ-TV in Boston and WBBM) or have become more successful (such as KYW) (WBZ has since announced its intention to revert back to pre-mandate branding - see below). The most common names used are "CBS2" and "CBS4", which are used in a combined eight markets and possibly nine depending on what KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh ends up doing, as viewers in the Pittsburgh market have protested over such possible changes. KDKA did end up "meeting halfway" in May 2003 when it adopted the Mandate, but with the KDKA name still being used instead of "CBS2".
[edit] Variations and non-compliance
Some O&Os, however, use other graphics and music packages despite following the "CBS/channel number" branding. For example:
- The graphics packages on KTVT (CBS11) in Fort Worth/Dallas and KEYE-TV (CBS42) in Austin prominently feature a Lone Star motif.
- KPIX-TV (CBS5) in San Francisco continues to use a variant of the Group W font from the Westinghouse days on its logo, as does WJZ-TV in Baltimore (which currently does not follow the Mandate).
- WFRV-TV (CBS5) in Green Bay (along with satellite WJMN-TV in Escanaba, Michigan) previously used a green and gold color scheme (as a connection to the Green Bay Packers), with all logo and graphics text in Gill Sans. The station began using its current "5" logo in 2001 (before the spread of the Mandate) and in probability didn't want to adopt a new image so soon after changing (the station's previous logo had been used for twenty years). On July 10, 2006, they changed to a blue and white color scheme for its logo and graphics; its "First News" morning show previously used such a scheme.
- WFOR-TV (CBS4) in Miami, Florida also uses a different font for its logo and Century Gothic for their graphics. It also uses an orange and teal color scheme in reference to the Miami Dolphins, of which WFOR is the "home" station.
Currently, the following CBS-owned stations do not follow the full Mandate: Pittsburgh's KDKA-TV (which stopped just short of the "CBS2" branding), Salt Lake City's KUTV (calls itself "2News"), Baltimore's WJZ-TV, and Minneapolis-St. Paul's WCCO-TV (the latter three of which have not adopted any form of the Mandate). Additionally, on November 20, 2006, WBZ-TV announced that it would cease to follow the Mandate and return to using its call letters on-air, with general manager Ed Piette stating that "Employee feedback and comprehensive market research made it clear ... combining the well respected, local identity of WBZ-TV with the strength of CBS ... is an important step in the station's growth." [1]
[edit] Other stations
[edit] UPN/CW
Once most of the CBS O&O stations started to follow the Mandate, some of the UPN O&Os began to go by a slightly different version of this as well. UPN's version has the station known as UPN, then the location name, and usually with a red and white color scheme, with an accent of yellow.
A reason for the location in the name instead of a channel number is from the stations being in the higher Channel 40-70 range, thus alleviating confusion due to much lower channel number assignments on cable and satellite systems, and the low appeal of a high channel number, such as the case of Atlanta's WUPA, which broadcasts on Channel 69, the highest UHF channel allotment possible.
The UPN version of the Mandate began in fall 2003, when WNPA in Pittsburgh (now WPCW), KDKA's sister station, changed names from "UPN19" to "UPN Pittsburgh". This was originally done to avoid confusion, as WNPA was carried on different channels on various cable systems in the area. There was also possible confusion in the northwestern area of WNPA's viewing area with Cleveland's CBS affiliate WOIO-TV, which is also on channel 19.
Eventually, many of the UPN stations in the same situation as WNPA –and even not so– ended up adopting this naming scheme. However, this regressed in later years (mostly due to UPN stations in non-duopoly markets being sold off), and by August 2006 only WPCW, KBCW (44) in San Francisco, WUPA (69) in Atlanta, WKBD (50) in Detroit, and WUPL (54) in New Orleans went by this scheme.
KBCW did show a "44" number in a UPN slanted circle next to the UPN Bay Area logo, with its 'cable 12' Comcast Bay Area system assignment below both logos.
Of note, KSTW in Seattle does not use the Mandate (previously going by the on-air brand UPN11, it is currently CW11) due to being a VHF station with a channel number easier to market and that fits in with most cable/satellite system assignments.
Most of the UPN stations following the mandate have since changed to reflect the network's merger with The WB, creating the new CW Network (the only exceptions being WKBD, which became CW50, and WUPL, which affiliated with MyNetworkTV instead). Except for reflecting The CW instead of UPN, the CW version of the Mandate is identical to the UPN version.
[edit] Independent station
In addition, CBS' independent station in Los Angeles, KCAL (Channel 9) also follows the Mandate. The station uses the same newsroom, graphics package and branding as KCBS. It also uses a logo similar to KCBS's, with a silver disc imprinted with the KCAL call letters taking the place where the CBS eyemark would be in the KCBS CBS2 logo.
CBS's other two independent stations (WSBK-TV in Boston and KTXA in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas) do not currently follow this mandate.
[edit] Stations with the Mandate
Here is a list of the stations with the Mandate for both CBS and UPN, in addition to KCAL.
[edit] CBS
- WCBS-TV New York City: "CBS2 New York"
- KCBS-TV Los Angeles: "CBS2 Los Angeles"
- WBBM-TV Chicago: "CBS2 Chicago"
- KYW-TV Philadelphia: "CBS3"
- KPIX-TV San Francisco: "CBS5 Bay Area"
- KTVT Dallas-Fort Worth: "CBS11"
- WWJ-TV Detroit: "CBS Detroit"
- WFOR-TV Miami: "CBS4 News"
- KCNC-TV Denver: "CBS4 Denver"
- KOVR Sacramento: "CBS13"
- KEYE-TV Austin, Texas: "CBS42"
- WFRV-TV Green Bay, Wisconsin: "CBS5 Green Bay, Fox Cities, and the Lakeshore" (for communities along Lake Michigan)
[edit] CW
- KBCW San Francisco: "CW Bay Area"
- WGNT Norfolk (though based in Portsmouth, Virginia): "CW 27"
- WPCW Pittsburgh: "CW Pittsburgh"
- WUPA Atlanta, Georgia: "CW Atlanta"
Additionally, WWHO in Chillicothe, Ohio and WNDY-TV in Indianapolis were respectively known as "UPN Columbus" and "UPN Indiana" while they were owned by Viacom/CBS.
[edit] Independent
- KCAL Los Angeles: "K-CAL 9"
