Catherine Coll

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Catherine Coll (1858 – 12 June 1932), usually known by her nickname Kate was the mother of Irish President and Taoiseach Éamon de Valera.

Catherine Coll was born in Bruree, County Limerick. She emigrated to New York City in 1879. She first took a job with a wealthy French family that was living in Manhattan. This is where she allegedly met Juan Vivion de Valera, a Cuban or Spanish sculptor who came to the home of her employers to give music lessons to the children. In 1882 she gave birth to Eamon de Valera while living at 61 East 41st Street in Manhattan.

Though de Valera's official biography (Longford/O'Neill, Hutchinson, London, 1970) states his parents were married at St. Patrick's in Greenville, New Jersey, on 19 September 1881, the parish records show no record of any Coll–de Valera wedding either at St Patrick's or any church, nor were any civil records found, in the vicinity during the period from 1875 to 1887. Also, initially de Valera was not registered in his father's name.

The New York State records contain two de Valera birth certificates. The first, registered on 10 November 1882, gives his name as George de Valero. The second was marked "corrected" on 30 June 1916, by de Valera's mother, Kate, who was attempting to prove de Valera's U.S. citizenship in order to save him from a firing squad following the Easter Rising in Dublin. It is in this second certificate that the first name is given as Edward and the surname as de Valera.

It was alleged that Vivion de Valera, always in poor health, left his young family behind him and traveled to Colorado, hoping that perhaps the healthier air would help him out only to die within a few months. However, not merely is there no record of the wedding. No record exists of the existence of a Juan Vivion de Valera anywhere in the United States: no birth certificate, no baptismal certificate (if he was a Catholic), no wedding certificate and no death certificate. While it was possible that he was born abroad and so either had a foreign birth certificate or was not registered, the absence of a death certificate for someone stated definitely in Éamon de Valera's family history to have died in the United States has puzzled researchers. Some scholars have questioned whether he ever existed.

Kate later married an English-born coachman, Charles Wheelwright, who converted to Roman Catholicism for her, and she gave birth to a daughter Ann, and a son, Thomas, who would later become a priest. They moved to Rochester, New York. The closeness of the marriage to her supposed first husband's death is again pointed to as evidence that the first marriage never actually existed, and was just a cover story to explain her pregnancy. Coll sent her young son Éamon back to live with relatives in Bruree prior to her marriage to Wheelwright. She never brought him back to live with her.

Later in his life, Eamon would remember occasional visits from, as he knew her, a woman in black, which ended up being his true mother. Kate later sent her young son to Limerick to be raised by his grandmother and uncle.

The Wheelwrights were staunch supporters of de Valera and his cause for the establishment of the Irish Republic. In 1916, Mrs. Wheelwright campaigned successfully for the suspension of the death sentence placed on her son, a potential American citizen by birth, by the British government.

Charles Wheelwright died in 1929, and Catherine Wheelwright died 12 June 1932. Both are buried at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Rochester, New York.

Though married for many years to Wheelright, Catherine is generally referred to in biographies as Catherine (or Kate) Coll.

[edit] Sources

• Tim Pat Coogan, De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow (Hutchinson, 1993)