Catalytic reforming
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The catalytic reforming process, also called the UOP Platforming™ Process, converts a feed stream containing paraffins, alkenes (olefins) and naphthene into aromatics to be used either as a motor fuel blending stock, or as a source for specific aromatic compounds, namely benzene, toluene and xylene for use in petrochemical production. The product stream of the reformer is generally referred to as a reformate. Reformate produced by this process has a very high octane rating. Significant quantities of hydrogen are also produced as a byproduct. Catalytic reforming is normally facilitated by a bifunctional catalyst that is capable of rearranging and breaking long-chain hydrocarbons as well as removing hydrogen from naphthenes to produce aromatics. This process is different from steam reforming which is also a catalytic process that produces hydrogen as the main product.
The need for a reformer is felt because of the rising standards of the fuel. The exact limitations on the various aspects of a fuel is dependent on the environmental norms of a country. Nonetheless the idea is to have research octane number (RON) as high as possible at the same time keeping the alkenes (olefins), benzene and aromatics under the specified limits.
The different types of reformers are classified as a fixed-bed type, semi-regenerative type, cyclic type and the continuous regenerative type. This classification is based on the ability of the unit to operate without bringing down the catalyst for regeneration.
