Catalan alphabet

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The Catalan alphabet comes from the Roman alphabet.

Today the official version has these letters:

• A a [Pronunciation: /a/, /ə/]
  • Variations:À à [Pronunciation /a/]
• B b [Pronunciation: /b/, /β/, /bb/]
• C c [Pronunciation: /k/, /s/]
  • Variants: Ç ç [Pronunciation: /s/]
• D d [Pronunciation: /d/, /δ/]
• E e [Pronunciation: /e/, /ε/, /ə/]
  • Variants: È è [Pronunciation: /ε/]
  • Variants: É é [Pronunciation: /e/]
• F f [Pronunciation: /f/]
• G g [Pronunciation: /g/, /γ/, /ʒ/, /ʝ/]
• H h (mute letter)
• I i [Pronunciation: /i/, /j/]
  • Variants:Í í [Pronunciation: /i/]
  • Variants:Ï ï [Pronunciation: /i/]
• J j [Pronunciation: /ʒ/]
• K k (Only for foreign words) [Pronunciation: /k/]
• L l [Pronunciation: /l/ /ɫ/]
• M m [Pronunciation: /m/]
• N n[Pronunciation: /n/,/ɱ/]
• O o [Pronunciation: /o/, /u/, /ɔ/]
  • Variants: Ò ò [Pronunciation: /ɔ/]
  • Variants: Ó ó [Pronunciation: /o/]
• P p [Pronunciation: /p/, /pp/]
• Q q [Pronunciation: /k/]
• R r [Pronunciation: /r/, /ρ/]
• S s [Pronunciation: /s/, /z/]
• T t [Pronunciation: /t/]
• U u [Pronunciation: /u/, /w/]
  • Variations:Ú ú [Pronunciation: /u/]
  • Variations:Ü ü [Pronunciations: /u/, /w/]
• V v [Pronunciation: /v/, /b/, /β/]
• W w (Only for foreign words) [Pronunciation: /w/, /b/] (e.g. web [w] but wàter [b])
• X x [Pronunciation: /ks/, /gz/, /ʃ/]
• Y y (Only in the "ny" combination) [Pronunciation: doesn't exist alone]
• Z z [Pronuciation: /z/]

Note that usually Catalan has the rule one-letter-one-sound (but not one-sound-one-letter) but there are special combinations of letters with more sounds. The most importants are: ll (/ʎ/), ny (/ɲ/), l·l or ela geminada /ɫɫ/, rr (/r/), ss (/s/). Digraphs rr and ss are used only between vowels.