Carl Maximowicz

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Carl Johann Maximowicz (also Karl Ivanovich Maximowicz; born 1827 in Tula, Russia, died 1891 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian botanist.

Born a Baltic-German, he studied at Dorpat. He worked at the Saint Petersburg Botanical Gardens from 1852 as curator of the herbarium collection, becoming Director in 1869.

Between 1853-1857, he travelled with another Baltic-German Leopold von Schrenck to the Amur region in eastern Asia, and visited China, Korea and Japan between 1859 and 1864. He was particularly involved with the flora of Japan, following the footsteps of notably Carl Peter Thunberg, and Philipp Franz von Siebold. His assistant in Japan was Sukawa Chonosuke, whose name was given by Maximowicz to the flower Trillium tschonoskii.

Maximowicz spent most of his life studying the flora of the countries he had visited in the Far East, and naming many new species. He also studied the flora of Tibet, concluding that is was chiefly composed of immigrants from Mongolia and the Himalaya.

Commissioned by the Russian Academy of Sciences, he purchased from von Siebold’s widow the set of eight volumes of the famous collection of Japanese botanical illustrations drawn by several Japanese artists.

The standard botanical author abbreviation Maxim. is applied to species he described.

[edit] Named after him

  • Acer maximowiczianum: Nikko maple, China & Japan
  • Atriplex maximowicziana: Maximowicz's Saltbush
  • Betula maximowicziana: Monarch Birch, Japan
  • Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid.
  • Kalopanax pictus var maximowiczii: China, Manchuria, Korea, Japan 1865
  • Lilium leichtlinii Hooker f. var. maximowiczii (Regel) Baker: (also named after the German botanist Max Leichtlin)
  • Picea maximowiczii: Maximowicz Spruce, Japan
  • Populus maximowiczii: Maximowicz' Poplar
  • Maximowicz's Vole (Microtus maximowiczii)

[edit] Originally named by him

  • Acer argutum Maxim.
  • Acer barbinerve Maxim.
  • Acer capillipes Maxim.
  • Acer miyabei Maxim.
  • Acer mono Maxim.
  • Acer nikoense Maxim.
  • Acer tschonoskii Maxim.
  • Berberis thunbergii Maxim.: Japanese Barberry – Japan
  • Calanthe reflexa Maxim.
  • Goodyera macrantha Maxim.
  • Liparis japonica Maxim.
  • Pedicularis artselaeri Maxim. – family Scrophulariaceae
  • Platanthera hologlottis Maxim.
  • Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim.
  • Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.
  • Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. - Japan, Korea, northeastern China, and far-eastern Russia
  • Tulotis ussuriensis (Maxim.) Hara
  • Yoania japonica Maxim.

[edit] Selected works

  • Rhamneae orientali-asiaticae (1866)
  • Rhododendrae Asia Orientalis (1870)
  • Monograph on genus Lespedeza (1873)
  • Enumeratio plantarum hucusque in Mongolia : nec non adjacente parte Turkestaniae Sinensis lectarum (1889)
  • Flora Tangutica : sive enumeratio plantarum regionis Tangut (AMDO) provinciae Kansu, nec non Tibetiae praesertim orientaliborealis atque tsaidam : ex collectionibus N.M. Przewalski atque G.N. Potanin (1889)
  • Diagnoses plantarum novarum asiaticarum. VI
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