Cardamine
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 Cardamine pennsylvanica (Pennsylvania Bittercress)
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Cardamine (Bittercress or Bitter-cress), is a large genus in the family Brassicaceae. It contains more than 150 species of annuals and perennials. The genus grows worldwide in diverse habitats, except in the Antarctic. Genus Dentaria is a synonym for Cardamine.
The leaves can have different forms, going from minute to medium-sized. They can be pinnate or bipinnate. They are basal and cauline (growing on the upper part of the stem), with narrow tips. They are rosulate (forming a rosette). The blade margins can be entire, serrate or dentate. The stem internodes lack firmness.
The radially symmetrical flowers grow in a racemose many-flowered inflorescence or in corymbs. The white, pink or purple flowers are minute to medium-sized. The petals are longer than the sepals. The fertile flowers are hermaphroditic.
The fruits are long, thin pods with many (20-100) seeds.
Some plants were reputed to have medicinal qualities (treatment of heart or stomach ailments).
The name Cardamine is derived from the Greek word kardamon, referring to a Persian or Indian herb with pungent leaves.
[edit] Species
- Cardamine africana
- Cardamine amara - Large Bittercress
- Cardamine amporitana
- Cardamine angulata - Seaside Bittercress
- Cardamine angustata - Slender Toothwort
- Cardamine bellidifolia - Alpine Bittercress, Alpine Cress
- Cardamine bilobata
- Cardamine breweri - Brewer's Bittercress
Cardamine bulbosa (Bulbous Bittercress)
- Cardamine bulbifera - Coralroot
- Cardamine bulbosa - Bulbous Bittercress, Spring Cress
- Cardamine californica - Milkmaids
- Cardamine changbaiana
- Cardamine chenopodiifolia
- Cardamine clematitis - Small Mountain Bittercress
- Cardamine concatenata - Cutleaf Toothwort, Cut-leaved Toothwort
- Cardamine constancei - Constance's Bittercress
- Cardamine cordifolia - Heartleaf Bittercress, Heartleaved Bittercress, Large Mountain Bittercress
- Cardamine corymbosa
- Cardamine debilis - Roadside Bittercress
- Cardamine dentata
- Cardamine digitata - Richardson's Bittercress
- Cardamine diphylla - Crinkleroot, Twin-leaved Toothwort
- Cardamine dissecta - Forkleaf Toothwort
- Cardamine douglassii - Limestone Bittercress
- Cardamine enneaphyllos - Drooping Bittercress
- Cardamine fargesiana
- Cardamine flagellifera - Blue Ridge Bittercress
- Cardamine flexuosa - Woodland Bittercress, Wavy Bittercress
- Cardamine gambelii
- Cardamine glacialis
- Cardamine gunnii
- Cardamine gunnii-lilacina
- Cardamine heptaphylla
- Cardamine hirsuta - Hairy Bittercress
- Cardamine impatiens - Narrowleaf Bittercress, Narrow-leaved Bittercress
- Cardamine jamesonii
- Cardamine keysseri
- Cardamine laciniata
- Cardamine lihengiana
- Cardamine lilacina
- Cardamine longii - Long's Bittercress
- Cardamine lyrata
- Cardamine macrocarpa - Largeseed Bittercress
- Cardamine maritima
- Cardamine matthiola
- Cardamine maxima - Large Toothwort
- Cardamine micranthera - Small-anthered Bittercress, Streambank Bittercress
- Cardamine microphylla - Small-leaf Bittercress
- Cardamine montelucii
- Cardamine nuttallii - Nuttall's Toothwort
- Cardamine nymanii - Lady Smock
- Cardamine obliqua
- Cardamine occidentalis - Big Western Bittercress
- Cardamine oligosperma - Idaho Bittercress, Little Western Bittercress, Annual Bittercress
- Cardamine pachystigma - Serpentine Bittercress
- Cardamine palustris
- Cardamine parviflora - Sand Bittercress, Small-flowered Bittercress
- Cardamine pattersonii - Saddle Mountain Bittercress
Cardamine pratensis from Thomé : Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885 - Cardamine paucijuga
- Cardamine penduliflora - Willamette Valley Bittercress
- Cardamine pensylvanica - Pennsylvania Bittercress, Quaker Bittercress
- Cardamine pentaphyllos
- Cardamine pratensis - Cuckoo Flower, Ladies Smock, Lady's Smock, Meadow Cress
- Cardamine pulcherrima
- Cardamine purpurascens
- Cardamine purpurea - Purple Bittercress
- Cardamine regeliana - Japanese Bittercress
- Cardamine residifolia
- Cardamine raphanifolia
- Cardamine rotundifolia - American Bittercress, American watercress, Mountain Watercress
- Cardamine rupicola - Cliff Bittercress
- Cardamine seidlitziana
- Cardamine tenera
- Cardamine trichocarpa
- Cardamine trifoliata
- Cardamine uliginosa
- Hybrids
- Cardamine × anomala - Anomalous Bittercress
- Cardamine × incisa - Incised Bittercress
[edit] References
- Taxonomic Revision of Cardamine
- LIHOVÁ J. & MARHOLD K. (2003). "Taxonomy and distribution of the Cardamine pratensis group (Brassicaceae) in Slovenia". Phyton (Horn) 43: 241–261.
- LIHOVÁ J., MARHOLD K. & NEUFFER B. (2000). "Taxonomy of Cardamine amara in the Iberian Peninsula". Taxon 49: 747–763.
