Canton of Saint-Valery-sur-Somme
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Saint-Valery-sur-Somme is a large village and canton of the Somme département. The village is a popular tourist destination because of its medieval character and ramparts, gothic church and long waterside boardwalk.
[edit] Geography
The town is on the Normandy coast adjacent to the Baie de la Somme and at the mouth of the Somme river. It is 30km north west of Abbeville and to the west of the Somme battlefields. The majority of the village lies adjacent to the sea and the Somme river on the Quai dur Romerel, Quai Courbet, Quai Jeanne d'Arc, Quai Blavet and the Quai Perree. The oldest part of the village lies on the Northern coast to the north west of the main village. To the south is the main road, the CD940 between Abbeville and Cayeux sur Mer.
[edit] History
The village history dates back to before the era of the Roman invasion when it was a small settlement inhabitated by Gauls. The Roman invasion encouraged the small hamlet to grow into a small village and after the Romans left France the village soon came up the power of the Franks.
In 611, the Gualaric monk known as Valery arrived in the area. He installed himself as a hermit on the headland of the site of Leuconaus. His virtue and miracles quickly attracted disciples. These disciples formed a primitive abbey. The saint was then buried there into 622 and became known as Saint Blimont. Clotaire II (King of Neustrie) provided the foundations of the new abbey into 627. The relics of the saint attracted many pilgrims to the abbey which had become known as Saint-Valery. During the 8th and 9th century, the abbey and village were plundered and devastated on several occasions by the Vikings.
The village grew during the 10th and 11th centuries. The village is historically signifcant as the site where William the Conqueror assembled his fleet before sailing over to England in 1066. During the many wars between the French and the English the village passed between French, English and Burgundian ownership. The English destroyed the abbey and cloister in order to strengthen the nearby St Valery castle. In 1431, Joan of Arc captive of the English was held prisoner in the local prison where she was then conveyed to Rouen and burned. The cell in which she stayed can still be found near part of the old village walls.
The village found peace and prosperity during the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. The abbey was rebuilt and remains today. The activity of the port flourished thanks to the export of the wines and the growth of the herring industry. It was near enough to Paris to be one of the earlier suppliers of the chasse marée merchants. The village follows closely the history of France becoming a site of religious conflict between Protestant and Catholic and later as a source of conflict during the French revolution.
The village was popular during the 19th-century with artists and writers and Victor Hugo, Jules Verne, Sisley and Degas all had villas in the village at one time.
[edit] Railway
Saint-Valery has a station (and out-of-season terminus) of the narrow gauge "Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme" (Somme Bay Railway), which is now largely a tourist attraction. Running around the entire length of the bay, this railway connects Le Crotoy with Noyelles-sur-Mer, and Saint-Valery; in the summer season trains also run from Saint-Valery to Cayeux-sur-Mer and the sands at Brighton Plage.
