Canal of the Pharaohs
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The ancient Canal of the Pharaohs dated back to the early Egyptian kingdoms period, was improved significantly by Rameses the Great (Rameses II), was uninterned by Cyrus the Great of Persia when sands swaollowed up a great part of it, and was maintained and improved during Roman times. Eventually it was again swallowed by the desert sands during the Early Middle Ages but it had been an important trading asset for nearly two thousand years, up into the early Islamic period. Thereafter, the land routes to transship camel caravans' goods from Alexandria to ports on the Red Sea or the northern Byzantine silk route through the Caucasian Mountains transhipping on the Caspian Sea and thence to India.
The earliest canal apparently cut across to the Nile from the Suez lakes from circa or antedating 1500 BC.
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