Campo Grande

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Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul
Flag
Location in Brazil
Country	Brazil
Region
State
Founded	1899
Mayor	Nelson Trad jr. (PMDB)
Area
- City	8.110 km²
Population
- City (2006)	800.000
- Density	100/km²

Campo Grande is a Brazilian city with around 765.000 inhabitants, established on August 26, 1899. Capital of Brazilian State of Mato Grosso do Sul, which is located on the western part of Brazil, with borderlines with Bolivia and Paraguay, was, in ancient times, mandatory way for those travellers who wanted to go, by land, from São Paulo or Minas Gerais to the northern Mato Grosso State. During the early 1900's, The Estrada de Ferro was completed linking Campo Grande to Corumbá, on the Pantanal borderline, and to Bauru, São Paulo State. Also in the beginning of the 20th century, Campo Grande became the Brazilian Army Western Headquarters, making it an important military center.

The increasing market made the city an important trade center, making the population increase from 140.000 people in 1970 up to 800.000 people in 2006.

In 1977, The State of Mato Grosso was divided in two, and Campo Grande was made the capital of Mato Grosso do Sul, (The southern portion of the original Mato Grosso)Today, the city has its own culture, which is a mix of those ancient travellers' cultures, with its songs (main local rhythms: vanerão, chamamé - with diverse characteristics from other places), food (sobá, a version of the traditional soba from Okinawa]], churrasco - the State is the largest producer of beef in Brazil). Its people are unique, made of mixes from all parts of Brazil and of the world, with many Japanese(we have to consider that most of them are from the island of Okinawa, that has significant cultural/historical differences from the mainland Japan), Portuguese, Lebanese immigrants.

[edit] History

In 1870 (for reason of the War of the Tríplice Alliance) the notice arrived at the Glad Mount inhabitants (in the Mining Triangle) of fertile lands for farming, in the region of then “the Campo Grande of Vacaria”. This finished contenting Jose Antonio Pereira, whom it needed lands to lodge its family. In 21 of June of 1872 it arrived and if it lodged in fertile lands and completely abandoned of the Mountain range of Maracaju, in the confluence of two streams - later called Secret Chats and - and that today it is the Forest Horto.

"No ano seguinte, José Antônio Pereira regressou a Monte Alegre, deixando o seu rancho e a sua lavoura incipiente entregues a João Nepomuceno, com quem se associara. Nepomuceno era caboclo de Camapuã, um arraial que morria, situado na antiga Fazenda Imperial do mesmo nome, nas cabeceiras do Coxim, e que ali aparecera, 'de muda' para Miranda, quebrando a monotonia do ermo com dois carros de bois que o peso da carga fazia chiar nos eixos."[ Rosário Congro (1884-1963, first historian of the city) in: “The City of Campo Grande - Been of Thick Matto” 1919, pages 9-10; reedited for the Historical and Geographic Institute of Mato Grosso of the South, in 2003 ].

In day 14 of August of 1875, Jose Antonio Pereira at last returns with its family (wife and eight children), slaves, beyond others (in a total of 62 people). In the first farm, that constructs, finds Manoel now Vieira de Sousa (Manoel Olivério) and its family, proceeding from Silver, Minas Gerais; the families if join and originate the first generation of field-grandenses. In the 1877 end she fulfills a promise made during the return trip and constructs first igrejinha (rustic of wood-the-puncture with adobe roofing tiles). The houses, of precarious alignment, had formed the first street (Old, current Street 26 of August was called, and finished in a small plaza (current Square Immigrant them), where it had a bifurcation, forming more two ways). Jose Antonio Pereira, founder of the arraial, constructed its definitive residence in the end of the ramification of low (today street Baron of Melgaço). Faleceu in its farm “Good Garden”, in 11 of January of 1900, months after the emancipation politics of the village (26/08/1899). From 1879 new caravans of miners they had been arriving and being distributed in vacant lands, marking its ownerships, almost always under the orientation of the founder. They had established thus the first farms of the Arraial de Santo Antonio of the Campo Grande. In the center of the street, in the commerce and pharmacy, that belonged to the Joaquin Vieira de Almeida, they congregated it high society of the place. He was the man who had greater instruction in the village and was the document editor of public or private character. E was decided there the communitarian problems, where they left the claims to the government. A correspondence was of authorship of the proper Joaquin Vieira de Almeida requesting the emancipation of the village. The e region the village if developed in reason of the climate and the privileged geographic situation. This attracted the inhabitants of São Paulo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Paraná and Nordeste, among others. After tiring and insistent claims (also had its strategical position, and being obligator ticket in direction to the south extremity of the State, Camapuã or to the Mining Triangle), the state government promulgates the resolution of emancipation of the village and it raises it to the city condition, at the same time changing its name for Campo Grande, in 26 of August of 1899. With the occurred emancipation, Joaquin Vieira de Almeida had deceased in result of its tuberculosis and without seeing its order taken care of. The city of Campo Grande if develops with farming, the proportionate one for the establishment of farms of creation of cattle in its immediacy and in the clean fields of It would be vacant. A bovine commercial center becomes, of where they broke comitivas leading floated for the Mining Triangle and Paraguay. Constructed in 1900 for Manuel of the Coast Rasp, the road ox-driver (today BR-163), it started to bind Campo Grande to the abrupt declivities of the Paraná. With this, the floated ones had also been directed for São Paulo, where it confided new market for the e region new chances for the local commerce, beyond interchange. Temístocles engineer arrives the Campo Grande in 1909 Parents of Sousa Brazil, who was indicated and assigned for the Army Brazilian to carry through the studies for the location and the construction of the quarter-general and other quarterings of the Armed Forces in the south of Mato Grosso, beyond being assigned to project the first urban plant and rocio of the village of Campo Grande.

The Judicial district is created in 1910. Its first judge was Arlindo de Andrade Gomes. Its first accuser, Tobias de Santana. The modernizadoras ideas of the first administrators had influenced some areas, of the cattle one to urbanism, and were traced the urban zone with ample and woody avenues and streets. The electric energy is installed in 1916 and 16 of July of 1918, for the Decree nº. 772, the city is raised to the category of city. Of 1921 the 1923, in the management of the intendant Arlindo Andrade, some urban workmanships are made (urbanization of the Av. Alfonso Pena, arborization of the main and secondary ways and ajardinamento of the Square Ari Coelho, among others). Another factor of progress for the city and the state of Mato Grosso was the arrival of the Railroad the Northwest of Brazil, of the RFFSA (current Novoeste), in 1914, binding the two fluvial basins: River Paraná and Rio Paraguay, to the neighboring countries: to Bolivia (in Corumbá) and to Paraguay (in Porã Tip). It was a decisive landmark for the development of Campo Grande, that blunted as one of most progressive of the old State of Mato Grosso. Functioning as commercial polar region and of services of a vast region, Campo Grande was developed and firmed its leadership in the south of the State. The transference, in 1921, of the Command of the Military Circumscription, initially hosted in Corumbá (before arriving á Campo Grande, the Circumscription of 9ª Military Region had as headquarters still the cities of Cuiabá and Aquidauana). The transference and military construction of the quartéis and other establishments were another initiative that contributed for its development and leadership. Another step for its development was the coming of foreign immigrants: (Japanese, Arab, Armenian) from 1924. In 1930 already possuía about twelve a thousand inhabitants (beyond three bank agencies, post offices and telegraphs, some public distributions, primary and secondary educational establishments, as well as recreativos clubs). It had access to the canalized water supply, electric energy and telephone. In 1932, the information in the city of the deflagration of the Constitutionalistic Revolution arrived. When the city knew of the notice, saw its first challenge: “of that side to be” The leaderships of the time (politicians and the deriving of north of the state and consolidated colonels in the region) had breached of time with the power and had joined it São Paulo against everything and all. With this an independent state was declared, with Campo Grande being the administrative capital. Its governor was the famous Vespasiano doctor Martins. The headquarters (or the palace of the government) were installed in the building of the Masonry, there breaking the decisions and the planning of the combat to the legalist forces). The legal capital of the State, that was Cuiabá (this received bigger influence from Goiás, Rio De Janeiro, Paraná and part of Minas Gerais), continues legalist. Campo Grande finished, in this way, becoming Capital it Been it of Maracaju, materialize yearning that already was revealed since the beginning of the century (the independent south of the north), but that it lasted few months, of 11 of July until October of 1932.

With the legalist victory, the division dream is frustrated, but if it restarted in 1958. With general Ernesto Geisel installed in the Presidency of the Republic, general Golbery of the Couto is nominated and Silva for commands of its Civil House. Few people had remembered that, twenty years before, these two military (colonels), they were in Mato Grosso to make possible the division of the State in two, and had concluded that this was not only viable, but very necessary, therefore it had an enormous difference enters the regions north (entered of the Amazonian Forest) and south (represented for pasture fields). In the 60 years Campo Grande it shelters its first institution of superior education, the Joined Facultieses Catholics of Mato Grosso (FUCMAT), that later it would be Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB). In this same decade is created the State University of Mato Grosso (UEMT), with one of campi installed in the city (with courses in the areas of health, accurate sciences and technology). After the division of the State it passes if to call Foundation Federal University Mato Grosso of Sul (FUFMS), today (UFMS). In years 70 the Center of Superior Education was established “Professor Pliny Mendes Dos Santos” (Cesup), that soon later it passes if to call University For the Development the State and the Region of the Pantanal (Uniderp). The south region chooses the majority of the State State legislature. Finally it was materialize in 11 of October of 1977, for the Complementary Law nº 31, the creation of a new State (the Mato Grosso of the South), whose capital would be Campo Grande. In years 90 the Society Education and Campo Grande computer science (Seic) and the Integrated Facultieses appear of Campo Grande (FIC - Unaes).

[edit] Images

Seal

Aboriginal Nations Park

Pedro Pedrossian Stadium

Park of Being able them

[edit] External links

• Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: -20.4685° -54.6223°
  • Mapping from Multimap or GlobalGuide or Google Maps
  • Aerial image from TerraServer
  • Satellite image from WikiMapia
• Photos
• Informations of Campo Grande
• Wikimapia.org