Cabinet (Fiji)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Fiji |
 This article is part of the series: |
|
|
|
Executive
Legislative Former institutions
|
|
Other countries • Politics Portal |
Fiji has the Westminster system - executive authority is vested nominally in a President, but exercised in practice by a Cabinet of Ministers, presided over by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is formally appointed, but not chosen, by the President: the President must appoint as Prime Minister someone who can control a majority of votes in the House of Representatives. In practice, this is normally the leader of the largest political party or coalition in the house. If there is no clear majority in the House of Representatives, however, the President's role becomes more important: he or she must assume the role of arbitrator and open negotiations with the leaders of the various political parties, in the hope of finding someone whom a majority will accept as Prime Minister. In the event of that failing to take place, the President must dissolve the House of Representatives and call an early election.
Contents |
[edit] The multi-party Cabinet provision
Cabinet Ministers are formally appointed by the President, but he is constitutionally required to do so only on the advice of the Prime Minister. An unusual feature of the Fijian constitution is its provision for a compulsory coalition cabinet - even if one party has a parliamentary majority in its own right. Every political party with more than 8 seats in the 71-member parliament must be offered a proportionate number of cabinet posts. If the Prime Minister wishes to give cabinet posts to members of a party with fewer than 8 representatives, he must do so at the expense of his own party, not of other parties in the coalition. This provision was written into the 1997 Constitution with a view to forcing Fiji's political parties, which represented ethnic communities for the most part, to cooperate rather than compete for absolute power. In adopting this novel feature, Fijians noted that a similar system has been operating successfully in Switzerland for decades. More recently, it has been tried (with far less success) in Northern Ireland.
[edit] Problems with the model
Until May 2006, the multi-party cabinet model was never successfully maintained in Fiji, however. The Chaudhry government refused to include the Fijian Political Party in the 1999-2000 cabinet, despite the party's holding the required 8 parliamentary seats. Then following the election of 2001, Mahendra Chaudhry, the leader of the Fiji Labour Party, was involved in litigation against the Prime Minister, Laisenia Qarase, on the grounds that Qarase had unconstitutionally refused to include the Labour Party in the Cabinet. On 18 July 2003, Fiji's Supreme Court ruled that the exclusion of the Labour Party was in breach of the Constitution, and demanded that the situation be rectified. Amid appeals, counter-appeals, and negotiations, the situation had still not been resolved as of June 2004, when the Supreme Court handed down a further ruling that the Labour Party was entitled to 14 out of 30 posts in the Cabinet. Qarase announced that he would abide by the ruling and would appoint enlarge the Cabinet to include the requisite number of Labour Party ministers, but not Chaudhry himself. This continued to stall negotiations, until late November 2004, when Chaudhry announced that the Labour Party had decided to remain in opposition for the remainder of the present parliamentary term.
Following the parliamentary election held on 6-13 May 2006, Prime Minister Qarase named a multi-party cabinet consisting of 24 Ministers (11 SDL plus 3 SDL-affiliated Senators, 9 FLP, and one independent) and 12 Ministers of State (11 SDL and one independent). There was some controversy over Qarase's claim that requirement for proportional representation did not extend to the Ministers of State, and that the three Senators named to the Cabinet, though members of the SDL, should not be counted as such for the purpose of allocating Cabinet numbers. Further controversy has continued since, with FLP leader Mahendra Chaudhry (who declined a Cabinet post) insisting that FLP members of the Cabinet owe their first loyalty to the Cabinet. Prime Minister Qarase, on the other hand, has maintained that all Ministers are bound by collective Cabinet decision-making.
[edit] Calls for amendments
On 16 December 2004, Prime Minister Qarase announced that he would try to get Mahendra Chaudhry's agreement to amend the constitution to abolish the multi-party cabinet rule, which he called "ridiculous," and replace it with a requirement for the cabinet to be "multi-ethnic." This would require a change to Qarase's own cabinet, which at present contains only one Indo-Fijian and only two non-indigenous Fijians.
Qarase reiterated his calls for a change to the constitution on 5 October 2005, and indicated that he would contest the 2006 election on such a platform. Speaking on VitiFm Radio, Qarase said that the multi-party Cabinet provisions of the constitution were unworkable and contrary to democratic principles. "Fiji should change to true democratic rule whereby whoever wins the elections governs, instead of being forced to work in a Cabinet with others of different views, beliefs and ideas on how to run the Government. The result will be an unworkable Cabinet," Qarase said. The provision had been hastily added to the Constitution as an afterthought, he said, and had not been given due consideration. Only three other countries had ever tried the model, none of them successfully, he claimed. "We want a stable government that can govern well and is not shaky," he concluded.
Qarase repeated his calls for amendments on 23 December 2003. Changing the constitutional provision for a multi-party Cabinet to a multi-ethnic one, he told the Fiji Village news service on 23 December, would guarantee equitable representation to all ethnic communities without requiring the government to compromise with ideologically opposite parties.
[edit] Membership
As of August 2006, the composition of the Cabinet (excluding the Ministers of State, who function as deputy ministers), was as follows.
| Portfolio | Minister | Political Party |
| Prime Minister, Minister for Sugar Reform |
Laisenia Qarase | SDL |
| Attorney General, Minister For Justice |
Qoriniasi Bale | Senator |
| Minister for Finance And National Planning | Ratu Jone Kubuabola | SDL |
| Minister for Education, Minister for Youth, Minister for Sports |
Ro Teimumu Vuikaba Kepa | SDL |
| Minister for Fijian Affairs, Minister for Lands, Minister for Provincial Development |
Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu | SDL |
| Minister for Fisheries and Forests | Ilaitia Tuisese | SDL |
| Minister for Information and Communications | Isireli Leweniqila | SDL |
| Minister for Public Sector Reform | Savenaca Draunidalo | SDL |
| Minister for Women, Minister for Social Welfare and Poverty Alleviation |
George Shiu Raj | SDL |
| Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister for External Trade |
Kaliopate Tavola | Senator |
| Minister for Tourism, Minister for Transport |
Tomasi Vuetilovoni | SDL |
| Minister for Multi-Ethnic Affiars, Minister for National Reconciliation and Unity |
Ratu Meli Saukuru | SDL |
| Minister for Infrastructure and Public Utilities | Robin Irwin | Independent |
| Minister for Home Affairs, Minister for Immigration |
Josefa Vosanibola | SDL |
| Minister without portfolio | Adi Samanunu Cakobau-Talakuli | Senator |
| Minister for Environment | Poseci Bune | FLP |
| Minister for Labour and Industrial Relations | Krishna Datt | FLP |
| Minister for Curative Health Services | Gunasagaran Gounder | FLP |
| Minister for Agriculture | Gyani Nand | FLP |
| Minister for Energy, Minister for Mineral Resources |
Lekh Ram Vayeshnoi | FLP |
| Minister for Primary and Preventive Health Services | Udit Narayan | FLP |
| Minister for Local Government, Minister for Urban Development |
Chaitanya Lakshman | FLP |
| Minister for Employment Opportunities and Productivity | Ragho Nand | FLP |
| Minister for Commerce, Minister for Industry |
Adi Sivia Qoro | FLP |
|
||
[edit] Ministers of State
Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase named twelve Ministers of State, whose roles are to assist Cabinet Ministers with their portfolios, in May 2006.
| Portfolio | Minister | Political Party |
| Minister of State for Housing | Adi Asenaca Caucau | SDL |
| Minister of State for Youth and Sports | Rajesh Singh(Fired) | SDL |
| Minister of State for Provincial Development | Ted Young | SDL |
| Minister of State for Public Utilities and Reforms | Samisoni Tikoinasau | SDL |
| Minister of State, Prime Minister's Office | Losena Salabula | SDL |
| Minister of State for Fijian Affiars | Ro Suliano Matanitobua | SDL |
| Minister of State for Agriculture, Alternative Livelihood, and Outer Island Development | Ratu Josefa Dimuri | SDL |
| Minister of State for Immigration and Ex-Servicemen | George Konrote | Independent |
| Minister of State for National Planning | Ratu Jone Navakamocea | SDL |
| Minister of State for Small Micro Enterprise and IT Industries | Pio Tabaiwalu | SDL |
| Minister of State for Prison and Correction Service | Inoke Luveni | SDL |
| Minister of State for Education, Minister of State for Technical and Vocational, and Special Education |
Paulo Ralulu | SDL |
