C-Train

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**C-Train**
Locale	Calgary, Alberta
Transit type	Light rail transit
Began operation	first section: May 25, 1981
System length	42.1 Kilometres
No. of lines	3
No. of stations	36
Daily ridership	230,000
Operator	Calgary Transit

Calgary Transit have recently introduced new SD-160 vehicles to complement their aging original trains.

C-Train is the name given by Calgary Transit to their light railway, often called the LRT (light rail transit), in operation since 1981. Currently two major routes are operated on 42.1 km (26 miles) of track, running into the southern, northwestern, and northeastern sections of the city. There are also currently plans to build additional lines running to the west, north and the southeast of the city. Most track is at grade with its own right of way. The downtown portion is shared right of way. 8% of the system is underground, and 5% is grade separated (elevated). Trains are powered by overhead electric wires and pantographs. Several years ago, Calgary Transit began using the spelling CTrain for the LRT system, however this variation has not passed into general use.

The CTrain has a higher ridership than any other light rail system in any other North American city with 230,000 boardings per weekday ^[1].

1 History
2 Route details
3 References
4 See also
5 External links

[edit] History

The first line of the C-Train opened on May 25, 1981 following three years of track work. This line, the 'South Line', ran from downtown Calgary south to Anderson Station (see South Line below for details). The other two current sections of line, the Northeast Line and the Northwest Line opened on April 27, 1985 and September 17, 1987. Since those opening dates, six new stations have been added:

August 31, 1990 - Brentwood Station (Northwest Line)
October 9, 2001 - Canyon Meadows Station and Fish Creek-Lacombe Station (South Line)
December 15, 2003 - Dalhousie Station (Northwest Line)
June 28, 2004 - Shawnessy Station and Somerset-Bridlewood Station (South Line)

The C-Train initially used Siemens-Duewag U2 trains (originally designed for German metros, and used by Edmonton's earlier ETS light railway) and the U-Bahn (actually a light rail system) in Frankfurt, which constituted the entire fleet until mid-July 2001, when the first cars of the newer Siemens SD-160 trains began arriving. There are now thirty-two SD-160s and eighty-two U2s in service (the eighty-third U2 was lost in a March 2001 accident).

As of 2004 there is a total of 42.1 km of track; the three lines are 20.7 km (the southern line or A-Line), 9.8 km (the northeastern line or B-Line), and 11.0 km (the northwestern line or C-Line) in length.

In 2001, the C-Train became the first public transit system in Canada to claim all of its electricity from emissions-free wind power generation. The electricity is generated by TransAlta operating in the southernmost region of Alberta. The trains are powered from the same power grid as before, however an amount of electricity equal to the amount used is produced at the southern wind farms and "dedicated" to the C-Train.

In the following section preliminary timelines for construction of future stations are referenced. For example, construction of a north C-Train line is not expected until after 2023. It should be noted that the city has, on several occasions, accellerated construction of C-Train expansion due to demand and available money. For example the McKnight-Westwinds station, now scheduled to open in 2007, was as recently as 2002 not planned until beyond 2010. Similarly, the timeline of construction of the south line extension was also pushed up several years due to increasing population and traffic volume.

[edit] Route details

There are currently two major routes in operation: Route 201 (Somserset-Bridlewood/Dalhousie) and Route 202 (Whitehorn/City Centre).

Modernized Calgary LRT Map 2006-10-16

[edit] Fleet

[edit] Route 201

This route comprises two lines: the South Line, which was the first of the three lines to be built, and the Northwest Line, which is the newest of the three lines to be built. Currently there are eleven stations on the South line (of which two opened on 28 June 2004) and seven on the Northwest line.

[edit] South Line

Somerset-Bridlewood station on the south C-Train line.

Seven stations on this line opened on May 25, 1981, as the first light railway line to serve the city. From north to south, they are Victoria Park/Stampede (originally Stampede), Erlton/Stampede (originally Erlton), 39 Avenue (originally 42 Avenue), Chinook, Heritage (also the site of the Haysboro LRT Storage Facility), Southland, and Anderson (also the site of the Anderson LRT Yards). On October 9, 2001, two new stations were added: Canyon Meadows and Fish Creek-Lacombe. On June 28, 2004, two more stations opened: Shawnessy and Somerset-Bridlewood. A twelfth station - Silverado (most likely in the area of 194th Avenue SW) - is planned for the future once the community of Silverado in the south is developed, likely beyond 2020.

[edit] Northwest Line

Five stations on this line opened on September 7, 1987. From the most central to the most northwesternly, they are Sunnyside, SAIT/ACAD/Jubilee (the station name in full is "Southern Alberta Institute of Technology/Alberta College of Art and Design/Jubilee Auditorium"), Lions Park, Banff Trail, and University. On August 31, 1990, Brentwood station was opened as a new terminus, and on December 15, 2003, Dalhousie Station was opened. An eighth station - Crowfoot-Centennial - is planned to open in late 2008, as well as a ninth station - Tuscany-Rocky Ridge - beyond 2023. An intermediate station near Northland Drive is possible in the future as well (between Brentwood and Dalhousie).

[edit] Route 202

C-Train route and stations on Calgary map.

This route comprises one line: the Northeast Line. All seven of these stations opened on April 27, 1985; from most central to most northeastern, they are: Bridgeland/Memorial, Zoo, Barlow/Max Bell, Franklin, Marlborough, Rundle, and Whitehorn. An eighth station - McKnight/Westwinds - is planned to open in 2007. Two more stations - expected to be named Martindale and Saddleridge - could be added beyond 2023.

[edit] Future lines

Plans exist to build two additional lines from the city centre: a westbound line (which would serve as an extension to Route 202), and a southeastern line (which will likely be called Route 203). A third, northern line is to be planned beyond 2023, and will likely be called Route 204. A possible Route 205 spur is also planned, which would branch off of Route 202 and travel to the Calgary International Airport. Note: station names listed below are subject to change (as Calgary Transit has, on several occasions in the past, renamed approved stations prior to construction)

[edit] West Line

The plans for this line, which runs west from downtown, have existed since the beginning of construction of the South Line in 1978; it is expected to open in 2018 in the Bow Trail and 17th Avenue SW corridors. Seven stations have been planned; they are expected to be named (from east to west): West End, Sunalta (near the Greyhound Bus Depot), 26th Street West (Shaganappi), Westbrook, 45th Street West (Glendale), Signal Hill, and 69th Street West. It is also possible that the line may eventually continue as far west as 85th Street West (or even 101st Street West) as those areas will be fully developed long before the proposed construction timeline.

[edit] Southeast Line

This line is planned to run from downtown to the communities of Douglasdale and McKenzie Lake and McKenzie Towne in the southeast, and onwards past Highway 22X into the so-called "Homesteads" region east of the Deerfoot Trail extension. Thirteen stations have been planned for this route, of which up to seven are expected to be built by 2023. Its alignment in the downtown area is still to be determined, however it will follow the 52nd Street S.E. corridor from McKenzie Towne to Auburn Bay (south of Highway 22X) and then wind its way through Health Campus (adjacent to a planned southeast hospital) and Seton.

From north to south, the proposed stations are: Ramsay/Inglewood, Crossroads, Highfield, Lynnwood, Ogden, South Hill, Douglasdale (the last expected by 2023), Shepard, Prestwick, McKenzie Towne, Auburn Bay, Health Campus (the station likely will share the name of the hospital), and Seton, with further stations to the south expected in the future.^[2]

[edit] North Line and Airport Spur

Although it is not expected to be built until beyond 2023, this line (for which a route has not yet been determined) would likely go to serve the Country Hills community and go as far as the planned Stoney Trail beltway. The only part of the north line whereby an alignment has been determined is the portion that will follow Harvest Hills Boulevard north from Beddington Trail and a terminus. In addition, an airport spur (which could include a connection with a proposed high-speed rail service to Edmonton) is also possible, hence creating two lines running concurrently from 64th Avenue NE through to downtown.

[edit] Other future improvements

Although newer models have been purchased, almost all of Calgary's original trains remain in service.

Currently, Calgary Transit operate three-car trains. The three newest stations—Dalhousie, Shawnessy, and Somerset-Bridlewood—have been built to accommodate trains of four cars, and it is planned to expand the original stations to support four cars. The downtown stations and the South Line will be upgraded first, ending in 2013; followed by the Northwest Line (so as to be able to run four-car trains on Route 201) in 2015 and the Northeast Line in 2017. By 2023 Calgary Transit also plans to begin replacing some of the original Siemens-Duewag U2s (as of 2004 eighty-two of the original eighty-three are in service, and are nearing twenty-three years of service, and by 2023 will be forty-two years old).

[edit] Underground infrastructure

The city will likely implement its original plan to locate portions of the inner city services underground. Though some tunnels were built (and still exist), the plan was scrapped early on due to the high costs and an economic recession. There is a partially completed LRT station underneath City Hall and an underground spur tunnel was built. The spur branches from the south line tunnel behind City Hall and is easily visible while riding the train on Route 201. However, after urban explorers discovered the tunnel and visited it during a transit strike, the spur tunnel was walled off with cinder block. The underground station still exists.

It will almost certainly be necessary to revisit the plan of burying parts of the downtown track. As the population of central Calgary increases and new lines and extensions are built, the ability of 7th Avenue to accommodate the higher train volumes will diminish. The most current plan has the expanded Route 202 (Northeast/West) continuing to utilize the exisitng 7th Avenue infrastructure. The expanded Route 201 (Northwest/South) will be relocated to a tunnel beneath 8th Avenue. The future Southeast/Downtown route will likely use a tunnel beneath one or multiple streets (candidates include 2nd Street W, 5th Street W, 6th Street W, 8th Avenue S, 10th Avenue S, 11th Avenue S, and 12th Avenue S) ^[3]. The plans for the future North line do not currently have it directly serving downtown at all, rather linking into the existing Northeast line, so underground track is unlikely (at least at first). None of this expansion, however is likely to be complete before 2023.