User:BusterD/sandbox
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Juramentado, in Philippine history, is an archaic term derived from the Spanish word juramentar, meaning one who takes an oath, and refers to a male Moro warrior who attacked and killed targeted Christian police and soldiers. Unlike an amok (from the Malayan term for "out of control") who commits acts of random violence against Muslims and non-Muslims alike, a juramentado was a dedicated, premeditated, suicidal and often highly-skilled killer who prepared himself through a ritual of binding, shaving, and prayer in order to accomplish religious murder armed only with edged weapons.
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[edit] A Path to Paradise
For generations warlike Moro tribes had been successfully preventing Spain from fully controlling the areas around Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, developing a well-earned reputation as notorious seafaring raiders, adept naval tacticians, and ferocious warriors who frequently demonstrated extraordinary personal bravery in combat. While Moro bands could never match opponents' firepower or armor, such bands used intelligence, audacity and mobility to raid strongly defended targets and quickly defeat more vulnerable ones. One extreme Moro tactic was the juramentado.
Undertaken as an unorthodox form of personal jihad, mag-sabil, "who endure the pangs of death," were selected from fanatical Muslim youth inspired to martyrdom by the teaching of Imams. Parents were consulted before the young men were permitted by the sultan to undergo training and preparation for Parang-sabil (the path to Paradise). After an oath taken, hand on the Qur'an, the chosen took a ritual bath, all body hair was shaved, the eyebrows trimmed to resemble "a moon two days old." A strong band was wrapped firmly around the waist, and cords wrapped tightly around the genitals, ankles, knees, upper thighs, wrists, elbows, and shoulders, restricting blood flow and preventing the mag-sabil from losing too much blood from injury before accomplishing his gruesome task. Clad in white robe and turban, the chosen youth would polish and sharpen his weapons before action.
At the moment of attack, the mag-sabil would approach a large group of Christians, shout "La ilaha il-la'l-lahu" ("There is no god but Allah"), draw kris or barong and then rush into the group swinging his sword. The attack was not a suicide as such, for the Qur'an forbids such action, but an attempt to enter Paradise with the spilled blood of numerous enemies of the faith, knowing certain death was a consequence of the act. After death, the mag-sabil's body was washed and again wrapped in white for burial. In the unlikely event the mag-sabil survived his attack, it was believed his body would ascend to Paradise after forty years had passed.
[edit] The Moro Wars
Introduction of term Phillipine-American war
[edit] Technology Responds (temp)
38 couldn't stop , bullet passed through and introduction of 45, issue of shotgun, policy of extreme brutality
[edit] Legacy in Media
unlike beserker assassin targeted, would not kill innocents (link) "The Real Glory" with Gary Cooper
[edit] Links
The Queens power outage of 2006 refers to a massive and sustained ongoing power outage occuring in Long Island City area of Queens, New York, most critically affecting the neighborhoods of Astoria, Sunnyside and Woodside. While brownout or low power conditions had been affecting the area during extreme heat on Monday, July 17 causing the power utility provider Consolidated Edison to ask local area businesses to close immediately, actual power outages first occured the next day under continuing sweltering 98 degree temperatures due to feeder line overheating, transformer explosions, and then power line fires under the sustained power load. While many homes and businesses saw service temporarily restored a week later, many in Astoria and Woodside remain without power at the present time. According to company spokesmen, the failure was due to excessive heat and dilapidated infrastructure.
[edit] The First Hours
On July 17, 2006, the temperature in New York City was approaching 100 degrees and as power usage approached record high levels, officials attempted to prevent system-wide failure by asking major electricity consumers in Queens to go on backup generators to relieve load, notably Riker's Island jail, the area water treatment facility, and the CitiBank building. Hundreds of Con Edison employees were dispatched to make emergency repairs and notify customers of the problem; many local businesses voluntarily closed on Monday and Tuesday, but damage to 10 of 22 feeder lines was so severe that a decision to keep power flowing to the almost 400,000 residents apparently caused what Mayor Michael Bloomberg called "a sort of cascading effect" and overloaded many local power lines, causing them to catch fire and burn out. A violent thunderstorm broke above New York City as the blackout occured, suddenly bringing badly wanted relief from the extreme temperatures, but contributing to stress on the local grid and the company's efforts to repair the damage.
At LaGuardia Airport, power was twice cut off to its Marine Air Terminal and a section of the Central Terminal Building Monday night and again Tuesday morning, cancelling 16 Delta flights and 45 American departures. New York City Subways were affected by power reductions and resulting signal failures, eventually causing delays and service reductions on many lines. There were conflicting reports about the initial number affected: the New York Times reported on Wednesday July 19 that over 5,000 residents were affected in Queens, while Con Edison announced that approximately 2,500 Queens customers were still without power.
[edit] Response to crisis
By July 19, area transit service was deeply affected; the 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, E, F, R, and V lines suffered further reductions in service. Area residents were without power for the next several days, sometimes recieiving reduced power levels which allowed for lights and fans but prevented use of refrigeration and air conditioning to affected neighborhoods. On July 21, Con Edison announced a revised estimate of "at least 25,000." On the same day, New York mayor Michael Bloomberg stated that Con Edison's definition of "customer" referred to each building they provided power, and that the number of people without power was possibly 100,000. More than 3,000 Con Edison customers - an estimated 10,000 people - remain without power as of July 24, 2006.
Public Service Commission
WCBS News special report, aired at 7pm July 24, 2006. Accessed live and on tape.
[edit] Welcome
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