User:Briancua/sandbox

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Year	Population
1640	>200[1]
1700	700[1]
1750	1,500[1]
1801	2,000[2]
1837	3,532[3]
1890	6,641[4]
1940	15,508[5]
1950	18,407[5]
1960	23,869[5]
1970	26,938[5]
1980	25,298[5]
1990	23,782[5]
2000	23,464[6]

The town of Dedham, Massachusetts was begun in 1635 and incorporated in 1636. Today it sits to the southwest of Boston and is the seat of Norfolk County.

Contents 1 Establishment 2 Early years 3 Shire town 3.1 The Fairbanks case 3.2 The Dedham case 4 Growth 4.1 William Gould 5 Twentieth century 5.1 To be addedd 5.2 Sacco and Vanzetti 6 Dedham today 6.1 To be added 7 Dedham in television and film 8 References

[edit] Establishment

In 1635 there were rumors in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that a war with the local Indians was impending and a fear arose that the few, small, coastal communities that existed were in danger of attack. This, in addition to the belief that the few towns that did exist were too close together, prompted the Massachusetts General Court in September of that year to establish two new inland communities. The towns of Dedham and Concord, Massachusetts were thus established to relieve the growing population pressure and to place communities between the larger, more established coastal towns and the Indians further west. The grant from the colony gave them over "two hundred square miles of virgin wilderness, complete with lakes, hills, forests, meadows, Indians, and a seemingly endless supply of rocks and wolves."^[7]

Dedham was settled by 22^[8] yeomen and middle class family members traveling up the Charles River from Roxbury and Watertown traveling in rough canoes carved from felled trees.^[9] These original settlers, including Edward Alleyne, John Everard, John Gay and John Ellis "paddled up the narrow, deeply flowing stream impatiently turning curve after curve around Nonantum until, emerging from the tall forest into the open, they saw in the sunset glow a golden river twisting back and forth through broad, rich meadows."^[9] In search of the best land available to them they continued on but

The river took many turns, so that it was a burden the continual turning about.... West, east, and north we turned on that same meadow and progressed none, so that I, rising in the boat, saw the river flowing just across a bit of grass, in a place where I knew we had passed through nigh an hour before. "Moore," said Miles then to me, "the river is like its Master, our good King Charles, of sainted memory, it promises overmuch, but gets you nowhere." ^[9]

They first landed where the river makes its 'great bend,' on what is today Ames Street, near the Dedham Community House and the Allin Congregational Church in Dedham Square.

The first public meeting of the plantation they called Contentment was held on August 15, 1636 and the town covenant was signed; eventually 125 men would ascribe their names to the document. As the Covenant stipulated that "for the better manifestation of our true resolution herein, every man so received into the town is to subscribe hereunto his name, thereby obliging both himself and his successors after him forever."^[10] They swore that they would "in the fear and reverence of our Almighty God, mutually and severally promise amongst ourselves and each to profess and practice one truth according to that most perfect rule, the foundation whereof is ever lasting love."

They also agreed that "we shall by all means labor to keep off from us all such as are contrary minded, and receive only such unto us as may be probably of one heart with us, [and such] as that we either know or may well and truly be informed to walk in a peacable conversation with all meekness of spirit, [this] for the edification of each other in the knowledge and faith of the Lord Jesus..." The covenant also stipulated that if differences were to arise between townsmen that they would submit the issue to between one and four other members of the town for resolution and that they would each pay their fair share for the common good.^[10]

They petitioned the General Court to incorporate the plantation into a town, and to free the town from all "Countrey Charges" for four years and from all military exercises unless "extraordinary occasion require it." They also asked to "distinguish our town by the name of Contentment" but when the Court granted their petition on September 7, 1636 they decreed that the "Towne shall beare the name of Dedham."^[11] The town was named for Dedham, Essex, where some of the original inhabitants, including John Dwight, John Page and John Rogers had been born.^[9] "Contentment" eventually became the motto of the town.

Many of the other yeomen settling the new Dedham in the Massachusetts Bay Colony came from Suffolk, in eastern England. This group included elders Nathan Aldis, George Barber, Henry Brock, Eleazor Lusher, Robert Ware, John Thurston, Francis and Henry Chickering and Anthony, Corneileus and Joshua Fisher.^[12]

The following year Jonathon Fairbanks signed the town Covenant and was alloted 12 acres of land to build his home, which today is the oldest house in North America. In 1640 "the selectmen provided that Jonathan Fairbanks 'may have one cedar tree set out unto him to dispose of where he will: In consideration of some special service he hath done for the towne.'"^[13] Jonathon Fairbanks would have a number of notable descendants including murderer Jason Fairbanks (see The Fairbanks case below), as well as Presidents William H. Taft^[14], George H.W. Bush, ^[15] George W. Bush^[16] and Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks^[17]

The house is still owned by the Fairbanks family and today stands at 511 East Street, on the corner of Whiting Ave, and near the site of the Old Avery Oak Tree. The Avery Oak was over 16' in circumference and was felled during the New England Hurricane of 1938. The builders of the USS Constitution once offered $70 to buy the tree, but the owner would not sell.^[8]

The church was first gathered on November 8, 1638 and it named John Allin as its pastor and John Hunting as Ruling Elder.^[7] As in England, Puritan ministers in the American colonies were usually appointed to the pulpits for life^[18] and Allin served for 32 years.^[9] The commitment in the Covenant to allow only like minded individuals to live within the town explains why "church records show no instances of dissension, Quaker or Baptist expulsions, or witchcraft persecutions."^[7]

While both the Charles River and the Neponset River ran through Dedham and close by to one another, both were slow moving and could not power a mill. With an elevation difference of 40 feet however, a canal connecting them would be swift moving. In 1639 the town ordered that a 4000' ditch be dug between the two so that one third of the Charles' water would flow down what would become known as Mother Brook and into the Neponset. Abraham Shaw would begin construction of the first dam and mill on the Brook in 1641 and it would be completed by John Elderkin, who later built the first church in New London, Connecticut.^[9]

On January 1, 1644, by unanimous vote, Dedham authorized the first U.S. taxpayer-funded public school; "the seed of American education."^[19] Its first teacher, Rev. Ralph Wheelock, was paid 20 pounds annually to instruct the youth of the community. Descendants of these students would become presidents of Dartmouth College, Yale University and Harvard University. Another early teacher, Michaell Metcalfe, was one of the town's first residents and a signer of the Covenant. At the age of 70 he began teaching reading in the school^[20] and in 1652 purchased a joined armchair that is today the oldest dated piece of American furniture.^{[21] [12]}

John Thurston was commission by the town to build the first schoolhouse in 1648 for which he received a partial payment of £11.0.3 on December 2, 1650. The details in the contract require him to construct floorboards, doors, and "fitting the interior with 'featheredged and rabbited' boarding" similar to that found in the Fairbanks House.^[12]

The whole town would gather regularly to conduct public affairs, but it was "found by long experience that the general meeting of so many men…has wasted much time to no small damage & business is thereby nothing furthered." In response, selectmen were chosen beginning in 1639^[7] to administer the town of less than 200 people.^[1] The leaders they chose "were men of proven ability who were known to hold the same values and to be seeking the same goals as their neighbors" and they were "invested with great authority."^[1]

[edit] Early years

The early 18th century saw a rise in the town's population, with greater and greater numbers of residents living further away from the center of town. Until 1682 all Dedhamites had lived within 1.5 miles of the meetinghouse. As the numbers further away grew they began to break off and form new towns begining with Medfield in 1651 and followed by Needham in 1711, Bellingham in 1719 and Walpole in 1724. As the population spread the residents crossed borders into other towns and between 1738 and 1740 Dedham annexed about eight square miles from Walpole, Dorchester and Stoughton.^[1] In the 1650's the Reverend John Elliot and the "praying Indians" won a lengthy court battle and were awarded the title to the 2,000 acres of land in the town now know as Natick.^[7] Other towns would break away on their own, and some of them would further subdivide after that giving Dedham the designation "Mother of Towns."^[22]

As the population grew disparities in wealth became apparent and "a permanent group of dependent poor began to appear." Town Meeting began to assert more authority and fewer decisions were left to the judgment of the selectmen.^[1] Each resident was cautioned to keep a ladder handy in case that he may need to put out a fire on his thatched roof or climb out of harms way should their be an attach from the Indians. It was also decreed that if any man should tie his horse to the ladder against the meetinghouse then he would be fined sixpence.

In the years leading to the American Revolution Dedham had a number of men rise to protect the liberties of the colonists. When Governor Edmund Andros was deposed and arrested in 1689 it was Dedham's Daniel Fisher who "burst into [John] Usher's house, to drag forth the tyrant by the collar, to bind him and cast him into a fort" and eventually send him back to England to stand trial.^[9] Fisher also served, along with John Fairbanks, as town explorers and together selected 8,000 acres in Pocumtuck in place of the land given to Elliot and the praying Indians.^[9] Fisher was the great-grandfather of Fisher Ames, Dedham resident and member of the First, Second and Third Congresses and Fourth Congresses.

In 1766 Dr. Nathaniel Ames, Fisher Ames' father, and the Sons of Liberty erected the Pillar of Liberty on the Church green at the Corner of High and Court streets. It is the only monument known to have been erected by the Sons of Liberty. On top of the 10' pillar was a bust of William Pitt the Younger who, according to the inscription on the granite base, "saved America from impending slavery, and confirmed our most loyal affection to King George III by procuring a repeal of the Stamp Act."^[23] The monument was later destroyed.^[9]

The Woodward Tavern stood kitty corner from the monument on September 6, 1774. It was at the tavern, where the Norfolk County Superior Court now stands, that the Suffolk Convention convened and eventually adopted the Suffolk Resolves. The resolves were then rushed by Paul Revere to the First Continental Congress. The Congress in turn adopted as a precursor to the Declaration of Independence. The resolves denounced the Intolerable Acts as "gross infractions of those rights to which we are justly entitled by the laws laws of nature, the British constitution, and the charter of the province" and called on the towns to organize militias to protect "the rights of the people."^[24]

On the morning of April 19, 1775, a messenger came "down the Needham road" with news about the battle in Lexington. A Dedham resident, "Captain Joseph Guild 'gagged a croaker' who said the news was false and in an hour scarcely a man was left in Dedham."^[9] Aaron Guild, a captain in the British Army during the French and Indian War, was plowing his fields in South Dedham (today Norwood) when he heard of the battle. He immediately "left plough in furrow [and] oxen standing" to set forth for the conflict, arriving in time to fire upon the retreating British.^[26] Nearly every man who was physically able joined Guild and a majority served in the siege of Boston. The Continental Army issued the town a quota as the war progressed but as the town had already run through its available men it was forced to hire mercenaries from Boston.^[7]

As the Revolutionary War went on the attention of the General Court, which had resolved itself into a Provincial Congress in 1774, focused primarily on military matters.^[27] The town was then forced to develop a government that operated with increasing independence from the province. The Dedham men who would become American leaders in the first years of independance from the British crown, including "Reverend Jason Haven, the younger Nathaniel Ames, his brother Fisher, and the Samuel Dexters (father and son) all received their political indoctrinations in Dedham during this period of turmoil and change."^[7] Following the evacuation of Boston General George Washington spent the night of April 4, 1776 at Samuel Dexter's home on his way to New York.^[8] The house still stands today at 699 High Street.^[28]

Eleven Acadians arrived in Dedham in 1758 after the British deported them from what is today Nova Scotia. Though they were Catholics, the officially Protestant town accepted them and they "were allowed harbor in town as 'French Neutrals.'" There would be no Catholic Church in Dedham for another 99 years when the first St. Mary's Church opened.^[29]

[edit] Shire town

When Norfolk County was formed in 1793 Dedham was named as the shire town and "an influx of lawyers, politicians, and people on county business forced the town to abandon its traditional insularity and its habitual distrust of newcomers."^[7] A new county courthouse was built by Solomon Willard, the same architect who built the Bunker Hill Monument. When it was remodeled in 1863 a dome was added, but it was too large and had to be removed. A new dome sits atop the building today.^[28]

One of the new residents of Dedham was Horace Mann who opened a law office in 1823. Mann served as Dedham's Representative in General Court as well as on the School Committee.^[19] In only his first year in Dedham he was invited to deliver the Independence Day address at which President John Quincy Adams was in attendance. In his speech he "outlined for the first time the basic principles that he would return to in his subsequent public statements, arguing that education, intelligent use of the elective franchise, and religious freedom are the means by which American liberties are preserved."^[30]

Turnpikes, including those linking Boston and Providence and Dedham and Hartford, were laid through town during the first few years of the 19th century. Inns and taverns sprung up along the new roads as more than 600 coaches would pass through Dedham each day on their way to Boston or Providence.^[31] The stable behind Gay's Tavern could hold over 100 horses and eight horse teams could be switched within two minutes.^[32] On the walls of the taverns were small boxes into which money could be dropped and on the outside of which was written "To Insure Promptness." Eventually they became known as TIP boxes and while the boxes have since been removed the custom of voluntarily leaving extra money behind for quality service has remained.^[9]

In 1802 a local mason named Martin Marsh built his brick home at what is today 19 Court Street and was then right on one of the new turnpikes. He saw the traffic flowing daily past his house and quickly turned his home into a tavern. His establishment, the Norfolk House, like the other inns and taverns in Dedham at that time, were bustling with the arrival of both the turnpikes and the courts. He maintained the tavern until 1818, and then sold it to Moses Gray and Francis Alden. It was this partnership that hosted President Andrew Jackson for lunch as he and his entourage passed through town in 1832.^[32]

The Norfolk House was also a hotbed for Republican politics in its day. It competed with the Democratic Phoenix House, so named because it rebuilt after having been destroyed by arson, which stood at the site of the present day Knights of Columbus building on the corner of Washington and High streets in Dedham Square. The proprietors of the two establishments generally stayed away from each other but "every once in a while they slipped and then there would be a short burst of newspaper venom."^[32]

A young Congressman named Abraham Lincoln gave a speech at the Norfolk House^[31] on September 20, 1848 while in Massachusetts to campaign for Zachary Taylor.^[33] He appeared uncomfortable as he arrived but

His indifferent manner vanished as soon as he opened his mouth. He went right to work. He turned up the cuffs of his shirt. Next, he loosened his necktie, and soon after it he took it off altogether. All the time, he was gaining upon his audience. He soon had it as by a spell. I never saw men more delighted. He began to bubble out with humor. For plain pungency of humor, it would have been difficult to surpass his speech. The speech ended in a half-hour. The bell that called to the steam cars sounded. Mr. Lincoln instantly stopped. ‘I am engaged to speak at Cambridge tonight, and I must leave.’ The whole audience seemed to rise in protest. ‘Go on! Finish it!’ was heard on every hand. One gentleman arose and pledged to take his horse and carry him across country. But Mr. Lincoln was inexorable.^[34]

The Norfolk House was also the site where "on June 4, 1810, in an expression of public outrage, a number of Dedham citizens assembled" and founded the Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves. Today the "Society is the oldest continually existing horse thief apprehending organization in the United States, and one of Dedham’s most venerable social organizations."^[35]

[edit] The Fairbanks case

The first major trial to be held at the new courthouse was that of Jason Fairbanks. He lived in the family homestead on East Street and was courting Elizabeth Fales, two years his junior at 18. Jason had told a friend that "planned to meet Betsey, in order to have the matter settled" and that he "either intended to violate her chastity, or carry her to Wrentham, to be married, for he had waited long enough."^[36] On May 21, 1801, Fales met Fairbanks in a "birch grove next to 'Mason’s Pasture'" and told him that she could not marry him.^[2]

Fales was stabbed 11 times, including once in the back, and her throat was slashed. Fairbanks staggered to her home, covered in blood, and told her family that she had committed suicide. He also told them that he had also attempted to take his own life, but was unable to, and that accounted for his wounds^[2] which left him ""still alive, but in a most deplorable situation."^[37] The editor of the local paper, Herman Mann, was called to the scene and reported the incident in the next edition of his weekly newspaper under the headline "MELANCHOLY CATASTROPHE!"^[38]

Fairbanks' murder trial opened on August 5, 1801 at the Courthouse but interest in the case involving two prominent families was so great that the trial was moved to the First Parish Meetinghouse across the street. When that venue proved to still be too small, the trial again moved to the Town Common. Prosecuting the case was the then-Attorney General and later Governor James Sullivan and defending Fairbanks was future Boston mayor and US Senator, Harrison Gray Otis. The trial lasted three days after which Fairbanks was found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. He escaped on August 18, at which time a $1,000 bounty offered for his capture and a newspaper implored readers to "Stop the Murderer!"^[2]

Fairbanks was captured in Skeensborough, New York as he attempted to escape to Canada. On September 10 he was returned to Dedham from the Boston jail and was hanged. To ensure that he would not escape again two Army Calvary and one volunteer militia units stood guard. In addition to the military presence, "the 10,000 people who showed up at the Town Common to witness the execution were five times the town’s population at the time."^[2]

Within days of the execution the first of four instalments of the Report of the Trial of Jason Fairbanks was published by the Boston firm Russell and Cutler. It was 87 pages long and was issued over the course of several months, making it "the first demonstrably popular trial report published in early national New England."^[38] A number of books and pamphlets would be written about the case in the months and years to come including "one of the earliest novels based on an actual murder case," the Life of Jason Fairbanks: A Novel Founded on Fact.^[39]

[edit] The Dedham case

In the early 19th century, all Massachusetts towns were Constitutionally required to tax their citizens "for the institution of the public worship of God, and for the support and maintenance of public Protestant teachers of piety."^[40] All residents of a town were assessed, as members of the parish, whether or not they were also members of the church. The "previous and long standing practice [was to have] the church vote for the minister and the parish sanction this vote."^[41]

In 1818 "Dedham [claimed] rights distinct from the church and against the vote of the church."^[41] The town, as the parish, selected a liberal Unitarian minister, Rev. Alvan Lamson, to serve the First Church in Dedham. The members of the church were more traditional and rejected Lamson by a vote of 18-14. When the parish installed and ordained Lamson the majority of the Church left "with Deacon [Samuel] Fales who took parish records, funds and silver with him."^[42] The parish, along with the members of the church who remained, installed their own deacons and sued to reclaim the church property.

The case reached the Supreme Judicial Court who ruled that "[w]hatever the usage in settling ministers, the Bill of Rights of 1780 secures to towns, not to churches, the right to elect the minister, in the last resort."^[43] The case was a major milestone in the road towards the separation of church and state and led to the Commonwealth formally disestablishing the Congregational Church in 1833.^[44]

[edit] Growth

Within a few decades of the turnpikes' arrival railroad beds were laid through Dedham. The railroad was at first "considered dangerous. It was new fangled. People didn’t trust it, so they wouldn’t ride it. Only a very few brave souls in those opening years" ever boarded one. This fear was short lived, however as the first rail line came in 1836 and by 1842 locomotives had put the stagecoach lines out of business.^[32] The first line was a branch connecting Dedham Square to the main Boston-Providence line in Readville. In 1848 the Norfolk County Railroad connected Dedham and Walpole and in 1854 the Boston and New York Central ran through town. Dedham had become a transporation hub and the "existence of quick freight service promoted a burst of industrial development."^[7]

In 1881 the Boston and Providence Railroad company built a station in Dedham Square out of Dedham Granite. There were more than 60 trains a day running to it in its heyday, but it was demolished in 1951 and the stones were used to build the main branch of the Dedham Public Library.^[28] In 1886 the railroad built a new bridge over High Street and placed a granite plaque there to commemorate both the new bridge and the 250th anniversary of the town's incorporation. The plaque was removed sometime thereafter and ended up in the woods near railroad tracks in Sharon. It has since been returned to Dedham.^[45]

In 1837, the year after the first rail line came to town, Dedham had a population of 3,532. By then the mills and factories in town were producing cotton and woolen goods, leather, boots, shoes, paper, marbled paper, iron castings, chairs, cabinet wares, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, and silk goods. Together they were worth $510,755 with the silk goods alone worth $10,000. Dedham Villiage was described at the time as "very pleasant, and possesses every inducement to render it a desirable residence for the mechanic or man of leisure."^[3] In 50 years the population would almost double to 6,641.^[4]

Nathaniel Whiting arrived in Dedham in 1641 and over the course of the next 182 years he and his descendants owned mills along Mother Brook and a great swath of farmland. In 1871 William Whiting, the last member of the family to own a mill, sold the remainder of the family farm and Charles Sanderson began laying it out in a subdevelopment to become known as Oakdale.^[46] Today, Whiting Ave is home to both the High School and the Middle School, and Sanderson Street runs into Oakdale Square.

The following year the Farrington farm was layed out into house plots and became the Endicott neighborhood, and in 1873 the Whiting/ Turner tract of land was developed into Ashcroft. By 1910 the area on the opposite side of the Charles River began to be developed. It was once know as Dedham Island or Cow Island, as the Long Ditch connected the river in two spots and bypassed the 'great bend.' Today, the neighborhood is known as Riverdale. The Sprauge farm by the Neponset River became known as the Manor and in the last major development of town, the Smith Farm became the neighborhood of Greenlodge.^[7]

In 1843, 85 years after the Acadians arrived, the first Catholic mass was said in Daniel Slattery's home where the police station now stands in Dedham Square. For the next three years after that first Mass with eight Catholics present, John Dagget, Slattery's brother in law, would drive to Waltham each Sunday and bring Father James Strain to Dedham to say mass. In 1846 Dedham became part of the mission of St. Jospeph's Church in Roxbury and Father Patrick O'Beirne would celebrate mass in the Norfolk House, by this time known as Temperance Hall.^{[29] [32]}

Large number of Irish immigrants fled the potato famine a few years later and many of them settled in Dedham. By 1857 so many had settled that Father O'Beirne built the first Catholic church in Dedham, St Mary's Parish. When the Civil War broke out in 1861 Dedham men from all religious persuasions responded to the call but "no church in Dedham lost so many men in proportion to their numbers" as St. Mary's did. In 1880 the current church was built on High Street, next to the rectory that had been purchased three years earlier. Thousands attend the laying of the cornerstone by Archbishop John J. Williams and a special train was run from Dedham to accommodate all those who wished to be present. The master of ceremonies was Fr. Theodore A. Metcalf, a descendant of Michaell Metcalfe, the teacher.^[29] Theodore Metcalf may also have been a descendant of Jonathon Fairbanks.^[47] At the time St. Mary's, "a fine stone church at a cost of about $125,000" was completed there was a Methodist, two Baptist, two Congregationalist, two Unitarian, and two Episcopal churches in Dedham.^[4]

It was also in 1880 that the Town Meeting set aside of the town cemetery, Brookdale, for Catholics to be buried in. The following year two Protestant businessmen gave great financial support to the fledgling parish. John R. Bullard contributed the Dedham granite used to construct the great upper church. Albert W. Nickerson paid off the debt still remaining on the old church and contributed $10,000 to help complete the new one.^[29]

Nickerson first arrived in Dedham in 1877. He was the president of Arlington Mills in Lawrence and director of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and built a home near Connecticut Corner^[48] where he "took an active part in community affairs and made generous donations to charitable causes."^[49] He sold the house to his brother George^[50] when he had a dispute with the town over taxes and improvements he wished to make to the property a few years later and moved to an estate on Buzzards Bay. Nickerson entertained President Grover Cleveland here and helped convince him to purchase the adjoining estate Grey Gables.^[49]

Several years later he bought another parcel in Dedham, this time a 600 acre estate on the Charles known as Riverdale. The estate was the boyhood home of ambassador and historian John Lothrop Motley.^{[8] [49]} In 1886 he commission the architectural firm of Henry Hobson Richardson to build him a castle on the estate and hired Frederick Law Olmsted's firm to do the landscaping.^[51] The castle has a number of interesting architectural elements but it's most famous is by far its numerous secret passages^[52] and "legendary underground mazes and hallways."^[53] It was built on top of a rocky hill "so that the Castle and the River appeared magically to carriages or cars arriving through the forested Pine Street entrance."^[54]

In 1888 Dedham's 6,641 residents lived in 1,228 dwellings and had 97 farms. The farms produced a product valued at $5,273,965 and yet was only $192,294 in 1885. The two major banks included the Dedham National Bank with over $300,000 in capital and the Dedham Institution for Savings with more than $2,000,000 in deposits. There were two weekly newspapers, the Dedham Standard and the Dedham Transcript.^[4]

[edit] William Gould

On September 21, 1862, a slave plasterer working on an antebellum mansion in Wilmington, North Carolina named William B. Gould escaped with seven other slaves. They rowed a small boat 28 nautical miles down the Cape Fear River and out into the Atlantic Ocean where the USS Cambridge of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron picked them up as contraband. Gould joined the U.S. Navy and believed he was "defending the holiest of all causes, Liberty and Union."^[55]

When he was discharged after the war at the Charlestown Navy Yard he married Cornelia Read, herself a former slave who was then living on Nantucket. They moved to Milton Street in Dedham and Gould resumed work as a plasterer.

[edit] Twentieth century

In 1900, the same year St. Mary's was dedicated, a talented young lawyer from Boston bought a home with his new wife at 194 Village Avenue. Sixteen years later Louis D. Brandeis rode the train home from his office and his wife greeted his as "Mr. Justice" as his appointment to the United States Supreme Court had been confirmed that day by the United States Senate. Brandeis was a member of the Dedham Country and Polo Club and the Dedham Historical Society^[56] as well as a member of the the Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves.^[57] He wrote to his brother of the town saying: "Dedham is a spring of eternal youth for me. I feel newly made and ready to deny the existence of these grey hairs."^[56]

In 1922 the Noble and Greenough School moved from Boston to Dedham. The private boarding school for students in grades seven through twelve sits on a 187-acre campus in Riverdale along the Charles River.

Albert W. Nickerson castle

[edit] To be addedd

National Association of Government Employees

Wilson-Hildreth House move (DHS news 11-98, 3-99)

David Stanley Jacubanis

Massachusetts Governor's Mansion

D'Angelos

Boston Post Road

JJR

Ursuline Academy of Dedham - dhs 4-3-02

[edit] Sacco and Vanzetti

The historic Sacco and Vanzetti trial in the 1920s was held in the Dedham Courthouse.

Supreme Court Justice Brandeis invited Sacco's wife and children to stay at his home near the courthouse during the trial.^[56]

The Case of Sacco-Vanzetti: a critical analysis for lawyers and laymen, 1961 by Felix Frankfurter (DHS 11-98)

[edit] Dedham today

Dedham pottery is a cherished class of antiques, characterized by a distinctive crackle glaze, blue-and-white color scheme, and a frequent motif of rabbits and other animals.

• Papa Ginos
• Mystic Scenic Studios
• National Amusements
• MCAS/Schools
• Community Groups

dedham jail ^[58]

[edit] To be added

Fairmount Line Lifeteen/ bishop dooher [[1]]

National Amusements

Northeast Corridor

Museum of Bad Art

LL Bean Dedham (opening spring 2008)

WFXT

Massachusetts locations by per capita income

[edit] Dedham in television and film

Dedham has been featured on both television and film screens.

• William Desmond Taylor's 1919 silent film Anne of Green Gables was filmed in Dedham.^[59] It was the favorite role of star Mary Miles Minter but no copies of the film are known to have survived. The film also starred Paul Kelly.^[60]

• The 1973 film The Friends of Eddie Coyle was filmed in Dedham and starred Robert Mitchum, Peter Boyle, and Alex Rocco.^[61]

• In the 1980s the Endicott Estate was featured in an episode of Spencer for Hire.^[62]

• The 1998 film Urban Relics was filmed in Dedham.^[61]

• A neighborhood in Riverdale was shown in the 1998 film A Civil Action for which the people of Dedham received a "special thanks" in the closing credits.^[63] The scene was filmed in the month of December and several houses included in the scene had Christmas lights strung up on them. The owners of the houses each received $100 to remove the lights until the shot was completed.

• The Endicott Estate was also featured in the 2000 film The Perfect Storm.^[62]

• The award winning 2000 film State and Main was filmed in Dedham.^[61]

• The 2002 film Advice and Dissent was filmed in Dedham.^[61]

• The 2003 film Discharge was filmed in Dedham.^[61]

• In a 2004 episode of The Practice viewers learned that Alan Shore grew up in the town and numerous references to the Sacco and Vanzetti trial were also made.^[64] Images of Dedham Square, the Dedham Historical Society building and the courthouses were shot on location. In addition, "extremely rare" interior and exterior photos of the courthouses from the turn of the 20th century were shown.^[65]

[edit] References