Bran Mak Morn
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Bran Mak Morn is a hero of several pulp fiction short stories by Robert E. Howard. In the stories, most of which were first published in Weird Tales, Bran is the last king of Howard's romanticized version of the tribal race of Picts.
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[edit] Howard's history of the Picts
At 13, Howard, being of Scottish descent, began his studies of Scottish history and became fascinated with what he calls "the small dark Mediterranean aborigines of Britain."[1] As these Picts were portrayed as inferior to later tribes, Howard imagined them as a link between modern and ancient times.
His Picts originated on a group of islands near what was once Valusia, the kingdom of the Atlantean Kull. When Atlantis, Lemuria, and Valusia sank into the sea, the Picts survived and were flung into a period of cultural decline. They forgot the art of metal-working and returned to the technique of flintknapping.
They migrated to the North until they reached Caledon, the northern lands of the later British Isles. They drove the extant tribes northward until the Aryans, Celts, and Germans invaded.[2]
The Picts were pushed to the North, where they mingled with the tribes they had defeated earlier. Forgetting most of their technological skills, they became brutish and skilled in warcraft.[3]
Although Bran Mak Morn has dark eyes, he does not resemble the Caledonian Picts as Howard depicts them. He refers to himself as a Mediterranean, possibly meaning that he associates himself with the more ancient Picts.[4]
[edit] Social-Darwinist overtones
The social Darwinism and pro-Aryan overtones of Howard's other works are also apparent in the Bran Mak Morn stories. He refers to the Picts as "primeval savages" and "untamable."[5] Bran Mak Morn is depicted as the leader of a dying and degenerate people, and he is deeply aware of their inevitable path to extinction--though like all Howard characters, he chooses to fight against this rather than succumb. His main enemies are the Romans, and he makes an unholy alliance to defeat them in "Worms of the Earth".
[edit] The name
The name is derived from the name of Brennus, the Gaul who sacked Rome, and comes from a Britonnic word meaning "raven". Howard says the Mak Morn was inspired by the Irish hero Goll Mac Morn. He added a k to give the name a non-Gaelic appearance.[6]
[edit] Cthulhu Mythos
Twice in Worms of the Earth mention is made of the black gods of R'lyeh, resting place of Cthulhu, creation of H. P. Lovecraft, a friend and correspondant of Howard. In the earliest extant copy of Worms of the Earth mention of Cthulhu himself is made by name although this was later changed to Nameless Gods in the final edition. Also mentioned in the same story is the water monster Dagon, a real-world Philistine god mentioned in a fictional context in some stories by Lovecraft. Lovecraft himself references Bran Mak Morn in his short story "The Whisperer in Darkness".
[edit] Homage
Bran Mac Mufin, a character in Dave Sim's graphic novel Cerebus, is an homage and parody of Bran Mak Morn.
[edit] The Robert E. Howard stories
Most of Howard's Bran Mak Morn stories were first published in Weird Tales. A few stories didn't appear in print until after Howard's death.
Note: The order of publication does not correspond with the order in which the stories were written.
- "Kings of the Night" (first publication: Weird Tales, November 1930). The first story to feature Bran as a king and describes him as a direct descendant of another Howard character, Brule the Spear-Slayer, companion of the Atlantean King Kull.
- "The Dark Man" (Weird Tales, December 1931).
- "Worms of the Earth" (Weird Tales, November 1932). The last Bran story and the only story told through the Pict's point of view.
- "Men of the Shadows" (Bran Mak Morn, Dell, 1969). Originally a poem placed at the beginning of the Bran Mak Morn story (1926) of the same name. The poem was first published in 1957 in Always Comes Evening, a collection of Howard poems. The poem and the story, which features Bran as a chief and not a king, were first published together in the Dell novel. This was Howard's first Bran Mak Morn story.
- "Bran Mak Morn" (Bran Mak Morn: A Play & Others, Cryptic Publications, 1983). Also known as "Bran Mak Morn: A Play." Written in 1922/3.
[edit] Poems
- A Song of the Race (Bran Mak Morn, Dell, 1969).
[edit] Fragments
- Untitled, "A grey sky arched over the dreary waste. ..."
- Untitled, "Men have had visions ere now. ..." The fragment is believed to be the beginning of a Bran Mak Morn story.
[edit] Book editions
[edit] Collections
Howard's stories, poems, and fragments featuring Bran Mak Morn have been published several times as a collection in book form. Not every publication has been a complete collection.
- Bran Mak Morn, Dell, 1969.
- Worms of the Earth, Donald M. Grant, 1974. Illustrated by David Ireland.
- Worms of the Earth, Zebra Books, July 1975.
- Worms of the Earth, Orbit, 1976.
- Worms of the Earth, Ace, June 1979.
- Bran Mak Morn, Baen, January 1996.
- Bran Mak Morn: The Last King, Wandering Star, 2001.
- Bran Mak Morn: The Last King, Del Rey, June 2005.
[edit] Pastiches
Other writers have published novels featuring Howard's Bran Mak Morn.
- Legion from the Shadows, Karl Edward Wagner, Zebra Books, 1976.
- For the Witch of the Mists, David C. Smith and Richard Tierney, Ace Books, March 1981.
[edit] Adaptations
[edit] Comics
Bran Mak Morn has appeared in several issues of Marvel Comics' Savage Sword of Conan. In 1974 "Men of Shadows" was adapted by writer Roy Thomas and appeared in SSoC #102-104, and 106.
[edit] The Film
Peter Berg will direct the movie Bran Mak Morn for Universal Pictures. Chris Romano is writing the script. The movie is slated for 2007 release.
[edit] Notes
- ^ "Foreword" in Bran Mak Morn, Robert E. Howard, Dell Publishing Company, 1969, p. 8-9.
- ^ "Kings of the Night" in Bran Mak Morn, p. 65-6.
- ^ "Men of the Shadows" in Bran Mak Morn, p. 51.
- ^ Ibid, p. 39.
- ^ Ibid, p. 45.
- ^ "Foreword", p. 9.
