Bone state

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Bone or Boni was a vassal state of the government of Celebes, Dutch East Indies, in the south-west peninsula of Celebes, on the Gulf of Boni. Covering an area of 2600m², Bone's chief town Boni, lay 130km northeast of Macassar and home to the Bugis people.

Once the most powerful state of Celebes, Boni came under Dutch influence in 1666 as they sought to protect themselves from neighbouring belligerent states. Boni remained under Dutch control until 1814 when the British temporarily gained power of the region, but returned to Dutch rule in 1816 by whit of the European treaties concluded on the downfall of Napoleon. Dutch influence was increasingly resisted by the Boni however and numerous Dutch expeditions to Boni were repelled during the nineteenth century. Boni became part of Indonesia upon its independence.

As in other native states in Celebes, succession to the throne in the female line had precedence over the male line.

For the wars in Boni, see Perelaer, Dc Bonische expeditin, 1859 (Leiden, 1872); and Meyers, in the Militaire Spectator (1880).

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• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.