Bombing of Würzburg in World War II
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During World War II, on March 16, 1945, 89% of the city was laid to ruins by a British Royal Air Force bombing raid. Most of the main artistic highlights were destroyed as e.g. the episcopal palace, the historic fortress and the major churches. The baroque city center was irrecoverably damaged. During the next 20 years, the buildings of historical importance would be painstakingly re-constructed to the way they used to be before the bombing. Today, many of the historical relics are, in fact, high-quality replicas; visitors to the city don't realise this. The famous Würzburg Residence which was badly damaged has piece of the original architecture from 1945. To this day a one can still see the blackened bomb damage on it.
Two hundred and twenty five Lancaster and eleven Mosquito bombers from No. 5 Group arrived over the city at about 21.30 hours (CET). The Mosquito Pathfinders were used to target the town centre with markers. The Lancasters released 1,127 tons of bombs (including around 370,000 incendiaries[1]) in seventeen minutes.[2] A firestorm developed raising the temperature to around 1500°C, killing approximately five thousand people.[1]
Detlef Siebert wrote in an article on British Bombing Strategy in World War Two for the BBC: "Some ... like Würzburg or Pforzheim, were selected primarily because they were easy for the bombers to find and destroy. Because they had a medieval centre, they were expected to be particularly vulnerable to fire attack." [3]
Würzburg was also the name of the German Würzburg radar system which formed part of the Kammhuber Line air defences. However the City of Würzburg had no direct connection to the radar system, the name being chosen simply because the project leader of the development team liked to use geographic names for the equipment his team developed.
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Destruction of the city
- ^ Royal Air Force Bomber Command Campaign Diary March 1945
- ^ Detlef Siebert British Bombing Strategy in World War Two Page 4 BBC 1 August 2001
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