Bo Ya

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bo Ya (伯牙) was a qin player from the Spring and Autumn Period. He is associated with the guqin pieces Gao Shan 《高山》 ("high mountains") and Liu Shui 《流水》 ("flowing water").

According to Qin Shi, Liezi said:

"Bo Ya was good at playing the qin. Zhong Ziqi was good at to listening to the qin. When Bo Ya's will was towards high mountains in his playing, Zhong Ziqi would say, 'How towering like Mount Tai!' When Bo Ya's will was towards flowing water in his playing, Zhong Ziqi would say, 'How vast are the rivers and oceans!' Whatever Bo Ya thought of Ziqi would never fail to understand. Bo Ya said, 'Amazing! Your heart and mines are the same!' When Ziqi died, Bo Ya broke the strings [of his qin] and vowed never to play [the qin] again. Thus, there was the melody of High Mountains Flowing Water."

Bo Ya's story exemplifies the Chinese ideal of friendship. The term Zhiyin (知音，literally "to know one's music") has come to describe a close and sympathetic friend.

[edit] Gao Shan and Liu Shui in music

Musically, Gao Shan Liu Shui was originally a single melody (and it still is for the main traditional Chinese instruments); but for the guqin, the piece was separated into two melodies in the Tang dynasty and continued to develop independently of each other. Most notable is Liu Shui, which in the Qing dynasty, through the adaptation of the Sichuan school player Zhang Kongshan, it developed the '72 rolling and churning [glissando]' sounds, mimicking the sound of flowing water descriptively. This piece remains popular to this day and is one of a few scores that represent the main theme of the melody very vividly and noticeably. It is one of the best melodies to describe as a piece of program music.