Bo Mya

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Bo Mya (born 1927) was a long-standing president of the Karen National Union (KNU), a political organisation of the Karen people of Myanmar, from 1976 to 2000, although even after he stepped down he remained a powerful figure in the Karen movement. He retired in 2004 from all public offices, due to ill health.

General Mya was among a significant number of Karens who joined the British—specifically in Bo Mya's case, Force 136—during World War II, with whom he fought the Japanese from the East Dawna hills in 1944 to 1945.

After the Karens declared independence from Burma in 1949, Bo Mya quickly rose to a position of pre-eminence in the Karen movement, earning a reputation as a hard and ruthless operator. Based at Mannerplaw — victory field — close to the Thai-Burma border, the KNU under his control, and its military wing the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), was probably the most successful of the ethnic rebel organisations fighting Rangoon in the 1970s and 1980s.

But by the mid 1990s, the tide was turning against him. A devout Christian, Bo Mya had always risked antagonising elements from within the ranks of the KNLA, which was—and is—predominantly made up of Karen Buddhists or animists. Although his defenders say he treated both Christians and Buddhists equally, the fact that the top positions of the KNU were filled almost entirely by Christians seemed to confirm the impression that he promoted the minority Christians' interests at the expense of the Buddhists and animists.

In late 1994, a group of KNLA soldiers broke away from the main army and formed the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA). They allied themselves with the Burmese military, and led Burmese troops into Mannerplaw in December 1994, leading to its capture — the biggest single setback to the Karens in their post-war history.

Since then, the KNU and KNLA's effectiveness has gradually diminished. This was demonstrated at the beginning of 2004 when Bo Mya travelled to Rangoon - his first visit to the capital in 50 years - to hold peace talks with Khin Nyunt, a powerful figure in the Burmese military junta and one-time sworn enemy of Bo Mya. This would have been unthinkable just a few years before.

[edit] Resources

• Smith, Martin. Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity