Black Swan

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For other uses, see Black Swan (disambiguation).

iBlack Swan

Conservation status

Least Concern (LC)

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Genus:	Cygnus
Species:	C. atratus

Binomial name

Cygnus atratus
Latham, 1790

Subspecies

C. a. atratus
Black Swan
C. a. sumnerensis
New Zealand Swan (extinct)

Synonyms

Anas atrata Latham, 1790
Chenopis atratus

The Black Swan, Cygnus atratus is a large non-migratory waterbird which breeds mainly in the southeast and southwest of Australia. It is also found along the east coast of Australia, Tasmania and recently reintroduced in New Zealand. Prior to the arrival of the Māori a sub-species, the New Zealand Swan used to live in New Zealand. This subspecies was hunted to extinction. The Black Swan was formerly placed into a monotypic genus, Chenopis.

The Black Swan is commonly found in the wetlands of southern Australia. Unfortunately, human inhabitance has decreased the population of the swan. The current global population of the Black Swan is approximately around 500,000 individuals.

The Black Swan is 130cm (52in) long and weighs up to 9kg (20lbs). It has all black plumage, except for the red bill, dark grey legs and white tips of the wing feathers. The neck is long and curved in an "S". On its red bill, there is a white bar near the tip. Both sexes are similar, with female slightly smaller and lighter than male. The cygnets have light grey plumage.

The Southern Hemisphere swan species differ from the all-white Northern Hemisphere swans in that they all have some black in the plumage, but only the Black Swan is almost completely black. However, its closest living relative is probably the Mute Swan which is most similar, except in body plumage.

Every year, the adults moult and become flightless. During this time they gather on open lakes in flocks. The diet consists mainly of water plants and unlike many other waterbirds, they spend their entire lives in the area where they were hatched.

As with other swans, the Black Swan is largely monogamous, pairing for life. It nests on large mounds build in the middle of a shallow lake and reuses the same nest each year, restoring or rebuilding it as needed. Male and female swans share the care of the nest, and once the cygnets are fledged, it is not uncommon to see whole families looking for food.

Black Swans were discovered by the expedition of Willem de Vlamingh to the west coast of Australia in 1697. Their discovery created great interest in Europe, where "all swans are white" had long been used as a standard example of a well-known scientific truth.

The official state emblem of Western Australia, the Black Swan is protected under the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1974. It is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

1 Media
2 Gallery
3 References
4 External links

[edit] Media

Cygnus atratus (file info)
- Video of the Cygnus atratus at Disney's Animal Kingdom.
Problems seeing the videos? See media help.

[edit] Gallery

Black Swans on the Gippsland Lakes near Paynesville, Victoria, Australia		Black Swan at Lake Ginninderra, Canberra, Australia	Black Swan with immature offspring beside Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra, Australia
Cygnus atratus and cygnet at Torrens River, Adelaide	Cygnus atratus in Singapore Botanical Gardens

[edit] References

BirdLife International (2004). Cygnus atratus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 9 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern