Bishop of St Andrews

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The Bishop of St. Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese and then, as Archbishop of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn), the Archdiocese of St. Andrews (originally Cennrígmonaid, and then Kilrymont (i.e. Cellrígmonaid, hence Cill Rìmhinn) in the High Middle Ages). The bishopric itself originates in the period 700-900, and is the best attested bishopric in Scottish history. By the 11th century, it is clear that it is the most important bishopric in Scotland.

Contents 1 List of known abbots 2 List of known bishops 3 List of anti-bishops 4 List of archbishops 5 Abbreviations 6 References 7 See also

[edit] List of known abbots

There had been a monastery there since the 8th century. It was probably taken over by Céli Dé monks in the 9th or 10th centuries, and these survive into the 14th century. It is the Gaelic abbey, rather than the continental priory, that the abbot was in charge of; the importance of the Céli Dé abbey has come down into the modern era in the street names of St. Andrews.

Only a few abbots are known. It is often thought that the position of Abbot and Bishop were the same until the Norman era, although that can never be proved for certain.

Dates	Incumbent	Notes
d. 747	Túathalán	His obit. in the Annals of Ulster, s.a. 747, constitutes our first literary evidence of any religious establishment at St. Andrews (then called by the Scoto-Pictish name Cennrigmonaid).
	Unknown number of unnamed abbots	It is probably that all the bishops before Fothad II, and perhaps before Turgot, were also abbots of the Céli Dé community.
fl. 1172x1178	Gille Críst	That he is called "abbot" is the proof that the Céli Dé community were maintaining their independence from the priory in the period.

[edit] List of known bishops

Dates	Incumbent	Notes
fl. 878x889-906x	Cellach I	Was bishop during the reign of Giric, and was still bishop in 906.
d. 963	Fothad I	We know he was bishop during the reign of King Idulb. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba has his death in the period 962x966, and according to the Annals of the Four Masters, he died in 963.
bp. 955/6-963/4 ?	Máel Ísu I	Bower claims he reigned as bishop for eight years.
fl. 966x971	Cellach II	Bower claims he reigned as bishop for twenty-five years.
fl. late-900s	Máel Muire
fl. late 900s/early 1000s	Máel Ísu II
fl. early 1000s	Ailín
d. 1055	Máel Dúin	The Annals of Tigernach place his death at 1055.
bp. 1055-59	Túathal	The Annals of Tigernach place his predecessor's death at 1055, and Bower tells us he was bishop for 4 years, which makes a bishopric of 1055-59 likely, although it is possible that he did not succeed immediately.
bp. 1059?-1093	Fothad II	He performed the marriage of King Máel Coluim III to Margaret (c. 1070), and according to the Annals of Ulster, died in 1093.
bp. 1093x1107	Giric	He appears in Version-A of the St. Andrews Foundation Legend. He is almost certainly mentioned by Bower as Gregorius.
bp. 1093x1107	Cathróe	He is one of 4 bishops-elect listed by Walter Bower (that is, Giric, Cathróe, Eadmer and Godric). As with the other 3, Bower is our only source. As the list is in chronological order, only Cathróe can have been bishop elect before Turgot, Eadmer being bishop-elect in 1120, after the death of Turgot.
el. 1107; cons. 1109	Turgot
el. 1120	Eadmer	Never consecrated.
el. 1124; cons. 1126x1127	Robert
el./cons. 1160	Ernald
el. 1163; cons. 1165	Richard
el./cons. 1178	John	Oppose by Bishop Hugh and the king. Never took possession of the see.
el./cons. 1178	Hugh	Opposed by John.
el. 1189; cons. 1198	Roger de Beaumont
trans. 1202	William de Malveisin	Previously Bishop of Glasgow.
post. 1202	Galfred de Liberatione	Was Bishop of Dunkeld; his postulation was rejected by the Pope, and he remained bishop of Dunkeld.
el. 1239; cons. 1240	David de Bernham
el. 1253	Robert de Stuteville	Not consecrated; never took possession of the see.
el. prov./cons. 1255	Abel de Golynn
el./cons. 1255	Gamelin
post. 1271;cons. 1273	William Wishart
el. 1279;cons. 1280	William Fraser
el. 1297;cons. 1298	William de Lamberton
el./prov./cons. 1328	James Bane
prov./cons. 1342	William de Landallis
el. 1385	Stephen de Pa	Not consecrated; never took possession of the see. Was captured by pirates on his way to continental Europe, and kept prisoner in England.
prov./cons. 1385	Walter Trail
el. 1401	Thomas Stewart	Never consecrated. He was the bastard son of King Robert II of Scotland, and renounced his rights soon after his election.
post. 1402	Walter de Danyelston	Not consecrated.
post. 1402x1403	Gilbert de Greenlaw	Not consecrated. He had been Bishop of Aberdeen, but Pope Benedict XIII refused to confirm his postulation, and instead provided Henry Wardlaw.
prov./cons. 1403	Henry Wardlaw
trans. 1440	James Kennedy
trans. 1465	Patrick Graham

[edit] List of anti-bishops

During the Western Schism, in which Scotland chose to side with the Avignon Papacy, the English church would now and then appoint its own candidates to the bishoric. They never, of course, took possession of their see.

Dates	Incumbent	Notes
trans. 1388	Alexander de Neville	Anti-Bishop. Never took possession of the see. He was the deposed Archbishop of York, made nominal Bishop of St. Andrews by Pope Urban VI during the Western Schism.
trans. 1398	Thomas de Arundel	Anti-Bishop. Never took possession of the see. He had been Archbishop of York, then Archbishop of Canterbury, before being exiled by King Richard II of England. He became Pope Boniface IX's nominal bishop of St. Andrews, before being restored to Canterbury the next year.
trans. 1408	John Trevaur	Anti-Bishop. Had previously been Bishop of St. Asaph. He died in 1410.

[edit] List of archbishops

St. Andrews was elevated into an Archbishopric in 1472 by Pope Sixtus IV.

Dates	Incumbent	Notes
trans. (as Bishop) 1465	Patrick Graham	Deposed for corruption and insanity in 1478.
coadj. 1476; abp. 1478; cons. 1478x1479	William Scheves
prov. 1497	James Stewart
prov. 1504	Alexander Stewart
el. 1513	John Hepburn	Was not accepted by the Pope.
prov. 1513	Cardinal Innocenzo Cibo	He was the nephew of Pope Leo X, and provided by the Pope instead of John Hepburn. Owing to lack of support in Scotland, the Pope dropped his provision.
trans. 1514	Andrew Forman
trans. 1522	James Beaton
prov. as coadj. 1537; cons. 1538	David Beaton
prov. 1547; trans. 1549	John Hamilton
coadj. 1551; suc. 1571	Gavin Hamilton

[edit] Abbreviations

[edit] References

• Anderson, Marjorie Ogilvie, "St. Andrews before Alexander I, in G.W.S. Barrow (ed.), The Scottish Tradition, (Edinburgh, 1994), pp. 1-13
• Barrow, G.W.S., "The Clergy of St. Andrews", in The Kingdom of the Scots, 2nd Ed., (Edinburgh, 2003), pp. 187-202
• Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)
• Macqueen, John, MacQueen, Winifred & Watt, D.E.R. (eds.), Scottichronicon by Walter Bower in Latin and English, Vol. 3, (Aberdeen, 1995)

[edit] See also

• Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh (for modern Catholic Archbishopric of St. Andrews and Edinburgh)

Prelates of Medieval Scotland (post-1100)
Archbishops	Glasgow (1492) | St Andrews (1472)
Bishops	Aberdeen | Argyll | Brechin | Caithness | Dunblane | Dunkeld | Galloway | Glasgow | Isles (Sodor) | Moray | Orkney | Ross | St Andrews
Abbots	Arbroath | Balmerino | Cambuskenneth | Coupar Angus | Crossraguel | Culross | Deer | Dercongal (Holywood) | Dryburgh | Dundrennan | Dunfermline | Fearn | Glenluce | Holyrood | Inchaffray | Inchcolm | Iona | Jedburgh | Kelso (Selkirk) | Kilwinning | Kinloss | Lindores | Melrose | Newbattle | Paisley | Saddell | Scone | Soulseat | Sweatheart | Tongland
Priors	Ardchattan | Beauly | Blantyre | Canonbie | Coldingham | Fogo | Fyvie | Inchmahome | Lesmahagow | May (Pittenweem) | Monymusk | Oronsay | Pluscarden | Restenneth | St Andrews | Strathfillan | St Mary's Isle | St Serf's Inch, Loch Leven | Urquhart | Whithorn