Bill Doolin
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William "Bill" Doolin (1858 – August 24, 1896) was an American bandit and founder of the Wild Bunch, an outlaw gang that specialized in robbing banks, trains and stagecoaches in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas during the 1890s.
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[edit] Early life, and outlaw career
Doolin, was born on a farm near Clarksville, Arkansas. He drifted west starting at the age of 23, eventually ending up in Caldwell, Kansas. He was hired by cattleman Oscar D. Halsall, a Texas native, and began working for Halsall as a cowboy in Oklahoma. During this time, he worked with other noted cowboy/outlaw names of the day, including George "Bitter Creek" Newcomb, Charlie Pierce, Bill Power, Dick Broadwell, Bill "Tulsa Jack" Blake, Dan "Dynamite Dick" Clifton, and Emmett Dalton.
Doolin's first brush with the law came on July 4, 1891, in Coffeyville, Kansas. Doolin and some friends were drunk in public, and when lawmen attempted to confiscate their alcohol, a shootout ensued. Two of the lawmen were wounded, and Doolin escaped capture, fleeing Coffeyville.
[edit] Member of the Dalton Gang
Less than two months later, Doolin became a member of the Dalton Gang. On October 5 1892 the Dalton Gang made it's fateful attempt to rob two banks simultaneously, in Coffeyville, Kansas. The robbery attempt was an utter failure, with a shootout ensuing between Coffeyville citizens and lawmen, and the outlaws, leaving four of the five gang members dead, with the exception of Emmett Dalton. Historians have since indicated that there was a sixth gang member in an alley holding the horses, who escaped. Who this sixth man was remains unknown to this day, and Emmett Dalton never disclosed the sixth man's identity. Speculation is that Bill Doolin was that sixth man. [1]
[edit] Leader of the Wild Bunch gang
In 1893 Doolin formed his own gang, the Wild Bunch. On November 1, 1892, the gang robbed a bank in Spearville, Kansas. After the robbery, the gang fled with gang member Oliver Yantis to Oklahoma territory, where they hid out at the house of Yantis' sister. Less than one month later, the gang was tracked to that location, and in a shootout Yantis was killed, while the rest of the gang escaped.
Following that robbery, the gang began a spree of successful bank and train robberies. In March, 1893, Doolin married Edith Ellsworth, in Ingalls, Oklahoma. Shortly thereafter, Doolin and his gang robbed a train near Cimarron, Kansas, during which a shootout with lawmen resulted in Doolin being shot in the foot. [2]
On September 1 1893, thirteen US deputy marshalls entered Ingalls, Oklahoma, to apprehend the gang. During the shootout that followed, three marshalls were killed, two bystanders were killed and one wounded, three of the gang members were wounded, and gang member Roy "Arkansas Tom Jones" Daugherty was wounded and captured. [3]
The Wild Bunch were the most powerful outlaw group in the west for a time. However, much due to the relentless pursuit of the Three Guardsmen, lawmen Bill Tilghman, Chris Madsen, and Heck Thomas, many of the gang had been either captured or killed by the end of 1894. In late 1894, gang member Bill Dalton was killed by US Marshals. Rewards were offered for their capture or death, which added to the problems by often turning friends into foes to collect the reward. On May 1, 1895, gang members Charlie Pierce and George "Bittercreek" Newcomb were shot and killed by the bounty hunters known as "The Dunn Brothers". The bounty hunter team that killed them were the older brothers of Newcomb's teenage girlfriend, Rose Dunn. It was alleged that she had betrayed Newcomb, but it is more likely that her brothers simply trailed her to the hideout.
Doolin fled to New Mexico, where he hid out with outlaw Richard "Little Dick" West during the summer of 1895. In late 1895, Doolin and his wife hid out near Burden, Kansas for a time, then they made their way down to Eureka Springs, for the purpose of Doolin utilizing the bathhouses to remedy his rheumatism brought on from his earlier gunshot wound in his foot. It was there, in a bathhouse, in early 1896 that Doolin was first captured, by lawman Bill Tilghman.
Doolin later escaped on July 5 of that year, travelling to take refuge with his wife in Lawson, Oklahoma Territory. There, on August 24, Doolin was killed with a shotgun blast by deputy U.S. Marshall Heck Thomas. [4]
By the end of 1898, all of the remaining former Wild Bunch gang were dead, killed in various shootouts with lawmen. Heck Thomas had tracked most of them, with the remainder having been tracked down and eliminated by lawmen Chris Madsen and Bill Tilghman, and other posses. [5]
[edit] Trivia
- Doolin and the Dalton Gang were the inspiration for The Eagles song "Doolin Dalton", featured on their Desperado album released in 1973.
