Bilateral Investment Treaty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) is an agreement establishing the terms and conditions for private investment by nationals and companies of one state in the state of the other. This type of investment is called Foreign direct investment (FDI). BITs are established through trade pacts.
Most BITs grant investments made by an investor of one Contracting State in the territory of the other a number of guarantees, which typically include fair and equitable treatment, protection from expropriation, free transfer of means and full protection and security. The distinctive feature of many BITs is that they allow for an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, whereby an investor whose rights under the BIT have been violated could have recourse to international arbitration, often under the auspices of the International Center for the Resolution of Investment Disputes (ICSID), rather than suing the host State in its own courts.
[edit] BITs involving the U.S.
Up to date as of April 25, 2005
In force
Albania: signed January 11, 1995, entered into force January 4, 1998
Argentina: signed November 14, 1991, entered into force October 20, 1994
Armenia: signed September 23, 1992, entered into force March 29, 1996
Azerbaijan: signed August 1, 1997, entered into force August 2, 2001
Bahrain: signed September 29, 1999, entered into force May 30, 2001
Bangladesh: signed March 12, 1986, entered into force July 25, 1989
Bolivia: signed April 17, 1998, entered into force June 6, 2001
Bulgaria: signed September 23, 1992, entered into force June 2, 1994
Cameroon: signed February 26, 1986, entered into force April 6, 1989
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa): signed August 3, 1984, entered into force July 28, 1989
Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville): signed February 12, 1990, entered into force August 13, 1994
Croatia: signed July 13, 1996, entered into force June 20, 2001
Czech Republic: signed October 22, 1991, entered into force December 19, 1992
Ecuador: signed August 27, 1993, entered into force May 11, 1997
Egypt: signed March 11, 1986, entered into force June 27, 1992
Estonia: signed April 19, 1994, entered into force February 16, 1997
Georgia: signed March 7, 1994, entered into force August 17, 1997
Grenada: signed May 2, 1986, entered into force March 3, 1989
Honduras: signed July 1, 1995, entered into force July 11, 2001
Jamaica: signed February 4, 1994, entered into force March 7, 1997
Jordan: signed July 2, 1997, entered into force June 12, 2003
Kazakhstan: signed May 19, 1992, entered into force January 12, 1994
Kyrgyzstan: signed January 19, 1993, entered into force January 12, 1994
Latvia: signed January 13, 1995, entered into force December 26, 1996
Lithuania: signed January 14, 1998, entered into force November 22, 2001
Moldova: signed April 21, 1993, entered into force November 25, 1994
Mongolia: signed October 6, 1994, entered into force January 1, 1997
Morocco: signed July 22, 1985, entered into force May 29, 1991
Mozambique: signed December 1, 1998, entered into force March 3, 2005
Panama: signed October 27, 1982, entered into force May 30, 1991. Amendment: signed June 1, 2000, entered into force May 14, 2001
Poland: signed March 21, 1990, entered into force August 6, 1994
Romania: signed May 28, 1992, entered into force January 15, 1994
Senegal: signed December 6, 1983, entered into force October 25, 1990
Slovakia: signed October 22, 1991, entered into force December 19, 1992
Sri Lanka: signed September 20, 1991, entered into force May 1, 1993
Trinidad and Tobago: signed September 26, 1994, entered into force December 26, 1996
Tunisia: signed May 15, 1990, entered into force February 7, 1993
Turkey: signed December 3, 1985, entered into force May 18, 1990
Ukraine: signed March 4, 1994, entered into force November 16, 1996
Not yet ratified
Belarus: signed January 15, 1994, not yet ratified
El Salvador: signed March 10, 1999, not yet ratified
Haiti: signed December 13, 1983, not yet ratified by Haiti or the U.S.
Nicaragua: signed July 1, 1995, not yet ratified by the U.S.
Russia: signed June 17, 1992, not yet ratified by Russia
Uruguay: signed November 4, 2005, not yet ratified by the U.S.
Uzbekistan: signed December 16, 1994, not yet ratified
Pakistan: negotiations announced September 28, 2004, began February 7, 2005
Note: NAFTA covers U.S. investment in Canada and Mexico.
[edit] External links
- U.S. Bilateral Investment Treaty Program of the U.S. Department of State. Includes links to treaty texts.
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) lists all BITs between all states (not just the U.S.), with links to treaty texts.
- Wikipedia:Country referencing templates
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