Big Joe 1

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**Big Joe 1**
Mission Insignia

Mission Statistics
Mission Name:	Big Joe 1
Call Sign:	Big Joe 1
Number of Crew Members:	0
Launch:	September 9, 1959 Cape Canaveral LC-14
Landing:	September 9, 1959
Duration:	13 min
Number of Orbits:	suborbital
Apogee:	95 mi 153 km
Distance Traveled:	1,424 mi 2,292 km
Maximum velocity:	14,857 mph 23,910 km/h
Peak acceleration:	12 g (118 m/s²)
Mass:	1,159 kg
Big Joe 1

First Atlas launch of a Mercury boilerplate capsule - September 1959(NASA)

Big Joe ( Atlas 10-D) launched an unmanned boilerplate Mercury capsule from Cape Canaveral, FL. on September 9, 1959. The objective of "Big Joe" was to test the Mercury spacecraft ablating heatshield. The flight was both a success and failure - the heatshield survived reentry and was in remarkably good condition when retrieved from the Atlantic. The Atlas-D booster, however, failed to stage and separated too late from the Mercury capsule. Due to the added weight of the unseparated booster engines, the sustainer engine depleted its fuel supply 14 seconds early. The boilerplate capsule was not equipped with a launch escape system.

The boilerplate Mercury capsule flew a 1,424 mile (2,292 km) ballistic flight to the altitude of 90 miles (145 km). The capsule was recovered and studied for the effect of re-entry heat and other flight stresses from its 13 minute flight. Since the data from Big Joe 1 satisfied NASA requirements, a second Mercury launch, Big Joe 2 (Atlas 20D), which had been scheduled for the fall of 1959, was cancelled and the launch vehicle was transferred to another program.

Capsule weight 2,555 lb (1,159 kg). Serial numbers: Atlas 628/10-D, Mercury spacecraft - prototype.

The boilerplate Mercury spacecraft used in the Big Joe mission is currently displayed at Garber Facility, National Air and Space Museum, Washington D.C.^[1]