Bearnese

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Bearnese is a variety of the Gascon and it had been the mother tongue of the inhabitants of Béarn formerly, very widespread sixty more years ago, then declining, before reappearing for thirty years. The calandretas (in Gascon, small larks) are the bilingual schools occitan-French. It is the occitan equivalent of Diwan Breton, the Basque ikastolas or the bressoles north-Catalan women. The first calandreta was born in Pau in 1979. Historically, the language inhabitant of Béarn was employed in the official texts with French until the French Revolution.

[edit] Explanation on Bearnese

Perhaps by taste for a certain interior exoticism, the media, for several years, have made familiar the word Occitanie to indicate approximately, the South of France. In its Latin form occitania, the word itself was created in XIVe century by the royaladministration in opposition to lAquitania; equivalent of French "Langue d'Oc", it indicated the grounds of the County of Toulouse directly attached to the crown after the bloody crusade to tell Cathares. This denomination, forgotten a long time, was taken again at the XIXe century by various linguists to indicate the whole of the speeches of the language of oc: to speak occitaniens, language occitane. But this unit is also called "of Provence" by Frederic Mistral. After 1945, the term "occitan" will be increasingly used for designer the speeches of oc, and that of Occitanie, the territory on which 29 departments of the south of France, and the hautres valleys of Pô in Italy. But historically, Occitanie was never a state. With the occitan and the Catalan, the Gascon is the third language of the linguistic unit said occitano-novel. The Gascon comprises different diaclectes of which the Inhabitant of Béarn three languages: Occitan, Catalan and Gascon, result from Latin as well as the other Romance languages (French, Castilian, Italian, Portuguese, Rumanian). They generally together are classified because the common features which characterize them make them very close and facilitate a rather good mutual comprehension between them. Occitan, not having never been the subject of one "standardization" following the example French, is divided into several strongly enracinés dialects (Languedocien, of Provence, the Limousin, auvergnat, alpine). There exists cepend with eneignement of the language abroad and that certain utopians would not hesitate to want to impose on "mythical" and "large" a Occitanie. The Gascon singulaire between all because of its pre-Basque roots which strongly influenced its vocabulary; in the same way its syntax and its conjugations also are very typified. If mutual comprehension there is, it goes more easily from the Gascon towards Occitan and the Catalan that the opposite. Often called patois by speakers naturalness (years that that is obligatorily pejorative), Gascon and occitan have, above all, the language which one speaks in family or with his friends. That is due, mainly, with the fact that French was for a long time regarded as the language of progress and the elites. Its teaching generalized by the public school was accompanied by the prohibition of the regional languages in the schools, grosso-modo between 1880 and 1945, and this prohibition contributed to their déprécitaion in the spirit even of those which spoke them naurellement. However since a few tens of years, one can learn the Gascon/Bearnese (Inhabitant of Béarn) in schools binlingues and the calandretas.

[edit] Use of the language

A survey of 1982 in indicates that 51% of the population speak inhabitant of Béarn, 70% includes/understands it, 85% is favorable to the safeguard of the language.

In a work "political linguistics", Jean-Bapiste COYOS who was in load of this file near the General Council, milked Dr. this question through an investigation: 45% of the people, quote the Inhabitant of Béarn like language spoken in the department, 48% the Basque. The Occitan term is quoted that by 8% of probed. The Gascon term by 5,8%.

[edit] The language seen by the Institute Bearnese & Gascon

While recognizing the contribution of certain work occitans of schools like the "calandretas" when one teaches there with love the language of the country, we make a point of making clearness compared to the occitanism. The occitanism, born between the 2 wars, is entirely foreign doctrines with the Gascon heritage and Bearnese. Yes, the old ones are right to say Occitans people of Toulouse. Strictly speaking Occitanie is Languedoc, and the occitan the Languedocien. The term of Occitanie was created in XIIIème century by the royal chancellery to indicate the county of Toulouse, attached following the crusades against the Albigensians. This denomination remained until the revolution. Occitanie, like whole of the countries of O, never existed.

Not, the Bearnese and the Gascon do not form a dialect occitan. In the "Lois d'Amour" promulgated in Toulouse in 1356 testify, which excluded the use of the Gascon in poetry, because it was perceived like a "lengatge estranh". In the linguists testify since the XIXème century, of A. Luchaire with P. Bec which confirmed that the Gascon was language close but distinct from the Languedocien occitan. Recently, it was shown that the singularity of the Gascon language was acquired about year 600 (example of F become H aspired). The arrival of Spain to VIème century of Vascons, Gascon futures, is not foreign there. 

However, at this time there, the other speeches of O had not emerged yet from low-Latin. Lastly, it should be noticed that the decree of the National Education of January 6, 2003 (B.O. of January 31) does not speak about occitan, but recommends the teaching of the "Langue d'Oc": Gascon "for the vice-chancellorships of Bordeaux and Toulouse. [1]