Bayan (accordion)
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See the accordion article for features of the bayan that are common to all accordions.
The bayan (Russian: баян) is a type of chromatic button accordion developed in Russia in the early 20th century and named after Boyan. It differs from western chromatic button accordions in some details of construction:
- Reeds are broader and rectangular (rather than trapezoidal).
- Reeds are often attached in large groups to a common plate (rather than in pairs); the plates are screwed to the reed block (rather than attached with wax).
- The melody-side keyboard is attached near the middle of the body (rather than at the rear).
- Reeds are generally not tuned with tremolo.
- Register switches may be operated with the chin on some larger models.
- The diminished seventh chord row is shifted, so that the diminished seventh G chord is where one would expect the diminished seventh C chord in the Stradella bass system.
- Converter switches to go from standard pre-set chords to free bass (individual bass notes) are common on the larger instruments.
- Newer instruments may feature a register, where every tone played actually produces a perfect fifth.
The differences in internal construction give the bayan a different tone color from western instruments, especially the bass has a much fuller sound. Because of their range and purity of tone, bayans are often the instrument of choice for accordion virtuosi who perform classical and contemporary classical music. The composer Sofia Gubaidulina wrote several pieces for bayan and stringed instruments.
In the modern Russian jargon "bayan" often means a stale joke, old news or plagiarism. The origin is an infamous joke: yesterday we buried my mother-in-law... and have worn down two bayans.
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| Accordions | Bayan | Chromatic button accordion | Diatonic button accordion | Flutina | Garmon' | Livenka | Melodeon | Piano accordion | Saratovskaya Garmonika | Schrammel accordion | Schwyzerörgeli | Trikitixa |
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