Battle of Meridian
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| Meridian and Yazoo River Expeditions |
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| Meridian – Okolona |
The Battle of Meridian was fought in Lauderdale County, Mississippi, from February 14 to February 20, 1864, between Union forces led by Major General William Tecumseh Sherman and Confederate forces under Lieutenant General Leonidas Polk. Sherman captured Meridian, Mississippi, inflicting heavy damage to it.
From Vicksburg, Mississippi, Sherman launched a campaign to take the important railroad center at Meridian and, if the situation was favorable, push on to Selma, Alabama, and threaten Mobile. Sherman ordered Brig. Gen. William Sooy Smith to lead a cavalry force of 7,000 men from Memphis, Tennessee, on February 1, 1864, south through Okolona, along the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and meet the rest of the Union force at Meridian. With the main force of 20,000 men, Sherman set out on February 3 for Meridian, but made feints toward various other locations.
To counter the threat, Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered troops to the area from other localities. The Confederate commander in the area, Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk, consolidated a number of commands in and around Mortona, but lost his nerve and retreated rapidly eastward. Cavalry units commanded by Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee periodically skirmished with Sherman’s force. As Sherman approached Meridian, he met stiffer resistance from the combined forces but steadily moved on. Polk finally realized that he could not stop Sherman and evacuated Meridian on February 14, removing some railroad rolling stock to McDowell’s Bluff. Sherman’s troops entered Meridian the same day and began destroying railroad track, continuing their work until February 19.
Smith never arrived at Meridian. Sherman left Meridian on February 20, headed west by way of Canton, looking for Smith and his force. He did not discover what happened to Smith until he arrived back at Vicksburg. (Smith had been engaged against Nathan Bedford Forrest at the Battle of Okolona). Sherman had destroyed some important Confederate transportation facilities but had to forget his aspirations for continuing into Alabama.
