Battle of Kulm
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| Battle of Kulm | |||||||
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| Part of the War of the Sixth Coalition | |||||||
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| Combatants | |||||||
| First French Empire | Russia Prussia Austria |
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| Commanders | |||||||
General Dominique Vandamme Marshal Saint-Cyr Marshal Auguste Marmont |
Field Marshal Barclay de Tolly Prince Peter Wittgenstein Count Alexander Tolstoy General Kleist |
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| Strength | |||||||
| 32,000 | 54,000 | ||||||
| Casualties | |||||||
| 5,000 killed or wounded, 7,000-13,000 captured | around 11,000 total | ||||||
| War of the Sixth Coalition |
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| Lützen – Bautzen – Großbeeren – Katzbach – Dresden – Kulm – Dennewitz – Leipzig – Hanau – La Rothière – Champaubert – Montmirail – Château-Thierry – Vauchamps – Montereau – Craonne – Laon – Arcis-sur-Aube – Paris |
The Battle of Kulm was fought on August 30, 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars between a 32,000 man French force commanded by General Dominique Vandamme and allied Austrian-Russian-Prussian forces of 54,000 men commanded by Field-Marshal Barclay de Tolly.
Following the French victory at Dresden, Vandamme pursued the retreating allies. Napoleon sent Marshals Gouvion Saint Cyr and Auguste Marmont to support Vandamme's corps. So with Vandamme in advance, Saint Cyr's and Marmont's corps brought up the rear. Vandamme caught up with Alexander Ostermann-Tolstoy's forces near the town of Kulm (today Chlumec, 8 km N.W. of Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic).
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[edit] Battle
At 6:00, Vandamme successfully attacked Russian formations under the command of Prince Wittgenstein, capturing Russian troops and artillery. Vandamme then crossed Ore Mountains and at about 12:00 attacked Austrian troops located in Kulm. Initially, the Austrians were forced to withdraw to Teplice. However, Prussian corps commanded by General Kleist attacked Vandamme's rear guard. Kleist then received help from a combined Russian and Austrian attack on Vandamme's front, under the command of General Ostermann-Tolstoy. In an attempt to repulse simultaneous attacks on his front and rear, Vandamme ordered his forces to form squadrons. The inexperienced French troops were unable to fend off the allies, and soon had to escape from the battlefield, with heavy losses.
[edit] Losses
The French lost about 5,000 soldiers killed or wounded. Between 7,000 and 13,000 French soldiers were taken prisoner, including Vandamme. The allies lost approximately 11,000 soldiers killed or wounded.
In Vandamme's corps there were two Polish regiments of Uhlans, part of cavalry divisions under the command of general Jean Corbineau. All these regiments were used by Vandamme to defend against enemy cavalry charges. One regiment, commanded by Colonel Maximilian Fredro (brother of playwright Alexander Fredro), was attacked after withdrawal in defile and was forced to surrender. The other regiment of Uhlans, under command of count Tomasz Łubieński (generally known in English as Thomas Łubieński) successfully withdrew.
After the battle, Vandamme was accused by Tsar Alexander I of being a brigand and plunderer. He retorted "I am neither a plunderer nor a brigand but in any case, my contemporaries and history will not reproach me for having soaked my hands in the blood of my father." This statement apparently hinted at the widespread belief that Alexander I was implicated in the murder of his father Tsar Paul I (Pavel I).
[edit] References
- Jadwiga Nadzieja "Lipsk 1813" historical battles serie published in Warsaw by Bellona 1998 ISBN 83-11-08826-8 pages 57-59
