Battle of Chaffin's Farm
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| Battle of Chaffin's Farm | |||||||
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| Part of American Civil War | |||||||
 Map of Battle of Chaffin's Farm |
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| Combatants | |||||||
| United States of America | Confederate States of America | ||||||
| Commanders | |||||||
| Benjamin Butler | Robert E. Lee Richard S. Ewell |
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| Strength | |||||||
| Army of the James | II Corps | ||||||
| Casualties | |||||||
| 4,430 total | 4,430 total | ||||||
| Richmond–Petersburg Campaign |
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| 1st Petersburg – 2nd Petersburg – Jerusalem Plank Road – Staunton River Bridge – Sappony Church – 1st Ream's Station – 1st Deep Bottom – Crater – 2nd Deep Bottom – Globe Tavern – 2nd Ream's Station – Chaffin's Farm – Peebles' Farm – Darbytown & New Market Roads – Darbytown Road – Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road – Boydton Plank Road – Hatcher's Run – Fort Stedman |
The Battle of Chaffin's Farm, also known as New Market Heights, was fought September 29–September 30, 1864, as part of the Siege of Petersburg in the American Civil War.
The nature of warfare evolved dramatically during the final ten months of the Civil War. Static warfare in the trenches replaced the freewheeling mass movements of earlier campaigns. This began at Cold Harbor in June 1864 and progressed southward to the series of battles around Petersburg. These affairs occasionally erupted into full-scale battles. The Battle of Chaffin's Farm is a particularly illustrative example of a late war engagement.
From the very beginning of the war, Confederate engineers worked feverishly to build permanent defenses around Richmond. By 1864, they had created a system anchored south of the capital on the James River at Chaffin's Farm, a large open bluff named for a local resident. This outer line was supported by an intermediate and inner system of fortifications much closer to the capital.
The strength of these lines remained untested until September 1864 when Union General Ulysses S. Grant tried to capture Richmond or Petersburg by attacking simultaneously north and south of the James. The attack north of the river occurred on September 29. Troops under Federal general Benjamin Butler captured the strategically important New Market Heights in the early morning. Other elements of Butler's forces under Edward O. C. Ord then overwhelmed the Confederate defenders inside Fort Harrison. However, uncoordinated attacks against Forts Gilmer, Gregg, and Johnson all failed, leaving Butler and Grant chagrined at their only partial success. A Confederate counterattack on September 30 proved equally futile, and the two armies settled into trench warfare that continued until the end of the war. This fighting around Chaffin's Farm cost the nation nearly 5,000 casualties.
[edit] See also
- Christian Fleetwood, awarded the Medal of Honor for the battle.
- James Daniel Gardiner, awarded the Medal of Honor for the battle.
- William Stone Hubbell, awarded the Medal of Honor for the battle.
