Barnstaple
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Barnstaple | ||
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| Statistics | ||
| Population: | 34,000 (April 2006 Est.) | |
| Ordnance Survey | ||
| OS grid reference: | SS5633 | |
| Administration | ||
| District: | North Devon | |
| Shire county: | Devon | |
| Region: | South West England | |
| Constituent country: | England | |
| Sovereign state: | United Kingdom | |
| Other | ||
| Ceremonial county: | Devon | |
| Historic county: | Devon | |
| Services | ||
| Police force: | Devon and Cornwall Constabulary | |
| Fire and rescue: | {{{Fire}}} | |
| Ambulance: | South Western | |
| Post office and telephone | ||
| Post town: | BARNSTAPLE | |
| Postal district: | EX31, EX32 | |
| Dialling code: | 01271 | |
| Politics | ||
| UK Parliament: | North Devon | |
| European Parliament: | South West England | |
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Barnstaple is a town in the county of Devon in the south west of England. It is the main town in the local government district of North Devon and claims to be the oldest borough in the United Kingdom. It was founded at the lowest crossing point of the River Taw, about 5 kilometres from the Taw's seafall at the Bristol Channel. By the time of the Domesday Book, Barnstaple had its own mint. Its size and wealth in the Middle Ages was based on it being 'wool staple', a town licensed to export wool, and its importance is still obvious in the town's name. The wool trade was further aided by the town's excellent port, with five ships being sent in 1588 to aid the fight against the Spanish Armada.
It was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835. Since 1974, it has been a civil parish with a town council. [1]
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[edit] Barnstaple past and present
Barnstaple's population in the 1801 census was 3,748, in the 1901 census 9,698, and in the 2001 census 30,765. The town has subsumed the neighbouring villages of Pilton and Newport through ribbon development in the 1930s–1950s. In April 2006 the population was 34,000.
In 1989 the A361 North Devon Link Road was constructed, linking Barnstaple with the M5 motorway, approximately 65 kilometres to the east. Because Barnstaple is the main shopping area for North Devon, retail work is a contributor to the economy. Many chain stores are located in the town centre and on the Roundswell business park located on the western fringe of the town.
Traffic congestion can be severe, especially at peak times and in the summer. To relieve this congestion, a new bypass is due to be completed in Spring 2007. The project consists of 2.7 km of new road and a 409 metre long five-span Downstream Bridge, and is projected to cost £42 million.
[edit] Barum
Barnstaple is still sometimes referred to as Barum. The origin of this name is obscure, but has been in use since pre-Saxon times, and probably of Roman origin. Mentioned by Shakespeare, the name Barum was revived and popularised in Victorian times, featuring in several novels of the time. The name is retained in the names of a football team, brewery, and several other local businesses.
[edit] Butcher's Row
Built in 1855, Butchers Row consists of 10 shops with pilasters of Bath Stone, and wrought iron supports to an overhanging roof. Only two of the shops remain as butchers although the new shops still continue to sell local agricultural goods. There is one baker, one delicatessen, two fishmongers and a florist. There is also a greengrocer.
[edit] Pannier Market
Barnstaple has been the major market for North Devon since Saxon times. Demands for health regulation of its food market in Victorian times saw the construction in 1855-6 of the town's Pannier Market. The building has a high glass and timber roof on iron columns. At 320 ft long, it runs the length of Butchers Row. Market days are Tuesday, Friday and Saturday. According to the UK newspaper 'The Independent' the Pannier Market is voted one of the top ten food markets in Britain.
[edit] Railways
Barnstaple has had a number of mainline railway stations, although since the Beeching Axe fell in the 1960s, only one of these is still in use:
- Barnstaple station was opened on 1 August 1854 by the North Devon Railway (later the London and South Western Railway), although a goods service had operated from Fremington since 1848 for goods traffic only. The station became Barnstaple Junction on 20 July 1874 when the railway opened the branch line through to Ilfracombe, reverting to just plain Barnstaple again when it closed on 5 October 1970. Located to the South of the town and the River Taw, now a terminus, the station is much reduced in size, and part of the site is now to be used for the bypass.
- Also built by the North Devon Railway in 1854, Barnstaple Quay was renamed Barnstaple Town in 1886. In 1898, the station was relocated to its present site, at North Walk, to accommodate passenger exchange to the narrow gauge Lynton & Barnstaple Railway. The station building still exists, and can be viewed on-line from a webcam mounted on Barnstaple Civic Centre.
- Barnstaple Town (1847–1970), situated close by the Castle Mound was a through station on the Ilfracombe line, running along the north bank of the Taw. Between 1898 and 1935, it was also the terminus of the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway, with the narrow gauge line's main depot and operating centre at nearby Pilton.
- Barnstaple (Victoria Road) (1873–1970) (just Barnstaple until 1949) was built to broad gauge standards as a terminus of the Devon and Somerset Railway (later the Great Western Railway) to the east of the town, with a connection to Barnstaple Junction.
[edit] Britain in Bloom
Barnstaple won the Britain in Bloom competition, in the category of 'Town', in 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2003. The town also won the Abbis Cup in 1996 and 1998 for Regional Supreme Champion (any size town), the Nations in Bloom — Best Town in the World in 1996, the Entente Florale — Best Town in Europe in 1996, and World in Bloom in 1998.
[edit] Barnstaple Fair
The ceremonial opening of the fair survives from very ancient times. The Town Council meets in the Guildhall, where various toasts are honoured with a spiced ale which, according to tradition, is made from a jealously guarded recipe handed on from generation to generation. Whilst the toasts are being honoured, "fairings", (a form of sweetmeat) are handed around.
On the reading of the Proclamation a large stuffed gloved hand "garlanded" with flowers is hung from a window of the Guildhall. The gloved hand represents the hand of friendship and the hand of welcome to the thousands that come to the fair. At 12 o'clock, a civic procession forms at the entrance to the Guildhall and the proclamation is read.
The fair begins on the Wednesday before 20 September each year.
[edit] Twin towns
Barnstaple is twinned with Barnstable, Massachusetts, USA ; Uelzen, Germany; and Trouville-sur-Mer, France.
[edit] Economy
North Devon has an under-developed economy for a number of reasons. Firstly it is situated at a distance from the UK's traditional areas of industrial activity and population. Whilst the 1989 opening of the improved A361 (then trunk roadtrunk) road connection to the motorway network has helped in some ways (notably weekend tourism), it had a detrimental effect on a number of supply-side businesses. The latter previously viewed the town as a base for local distribution networks, a need that was removed with an approximate halving of travelling time to the M5.
Barnstaple gained a large amount of industrial activities in the late-1970s due to its receipt of central government grants to allow the construction of factories and their operation on low or zero levels of local taxation. This was only partially successful, with few of these lasting more than a few years that grants were available. One ongoing success from this time was the manufacturing of generic medicines by Cox Pharmaceuticals (now branded Alpharma), who moved in 1980 from their traditional site in Brighton. The most lasting consequence for the town was the development of, or increase to, of the industrial estates at Seven Brethren, Whiddon Valley and Pottington.
In the county of Devon as a whole 48% of students achieve 5 GCSEs grade A* to C, compared to UK average of 53.4%. Unemployment in North Devon hovers around the 9% mark, and the median per capita wage for North Devon is 73% of the UK national average (2005 data). The level of work in the informal/casual sector is high.
The largest employer in the region by far is local and central Government. The two main central government-owned employers in the area are the Royal Marines Base Chivenor, 5 km west of the town, and North Devon District Hospital, 1.5 km north of the town.
[edit] Around Barnstaple
Tarka Trail — The cycling and walking trails were established by Devon County Council, to celebrate Henry Williamson's 1927 novel Tarka the Otter. The book depicts Tarka's adventure travelling through North Devon's countryside.
[edit] External links
- Barnstaple (DMOZ.org)
- Barnstaple Town Council and Town Centre Management
- North Devon District Council
- Barnstaple Webcam (from Civic Centre)
- Queen's Theatre, Barnstaple
- Barnstaple's History
- Museum of Barnstaple & North Devon
- State of Devon's economy 2006
- Pannier Market's History
- Barnstaple Heritage Trail
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| Appledore | Barnstaple | Berrynarbor | Bideford | Braunton | Clovelly | Combe Martin | Croyde | Dolton | Fremington | Georgeham | Great Torrington | Hele Bay | Ilfracombe | Instow | Kentisbury | Knowle | Saunton | Landkey | Lee Bay | Little Torrington | Lynmouth | Lynton | Mortehoe | Northam | Parracombe | West Down | Westward Ho! | Woolacombe | Yelland | |
