Bachata
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Bachata is a form of music and dance that originated in the countryside and rural marginal neighborhoods of Dominican Republic. Its subjects are often romantic; especially prevalent are tales of heartbreak and sadness. In fact, the original term used to name the genre used to be "amargue" ("bitterness," or "bitter music"), until the rather ambiguous (and mood-neutral) term bachata became popular. The origins of the term bachata are still unknown; however, in some rural areas of the Dominican Republic, bachata means trash. Some others say that bachata is derivate from the Italian Ballata, which was a popular form of music in Italy centuries ago.
Bachata grew out of - and is still closely related to - the pan Latin-American romantic style called bolero. Over time, it has been influenced by merengue - a fast paced danceable music also native to the Dominican Republic - and by a variety of Latin American guitar styles.
The music itself is played in 4/4. The most recognizable aspect of bachata instrumentation is the use of an amplified guitar (either electric or acoustic) whose sound has been doctored with a flanger, reverb, echo, or a combination of the three. The use of arpeggiated chords as the basis for the melody is almost standard. An additional guitar, called the 'segunda' or rhythm guitar is usually mixed at a lower volume, and provides syncopation. An electric bass guitar and güira help anchor the rhythm - with the güira sounding a bit like a high-hat (in pre 1990s bachata, maracas were played instead of güira). The use of the bongo drum further solidifies the basic beat, and provides and percussive accents in transition points - for instance right before a chorus.
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[edit] History
Derived from the Latin American tradition of guitar music, and originally named for the crude bars and clubs where guitarists and singers would perform, bachata emerged in the 1960s. While popular radio filled the air waves with merengue and salsa, bachata musicians were forced to develop their own system of producing and distributing their music. As with most styles of Latin American music, bachata is predominantly performed by male singers.
Some attribute Juan Luis Guerra's Grammy winning 1992 release, Bachata Rosa, to helping bachata to gain legitimacy and international recognition. The bachata played today uses electric guitar and has phrasing which is more rhythmic and groove-like than in earlier styles. The evolution to electric has helped make bachata more danceable and accessible.
At present 2006, the Dominican group Aventura is probably the best known bachata group worldwide, its single "Obsesion" having dominated for a long time radio play both in Latin America, US Latino markets and countries as distant as Italy and Sweden. While he is superseded in the international audience by Aventura, for the Dominican audience, the most popular of the modern bachateros has undeniably been Antony Santos. Other artists of note include Luis Vargas, Raulin Rodriguez, Zacarias Ferreira, Frank Reyes, Monchy y Alexandra, Andy Andy, Leonardo Paniagua, Los Toros Band, and Joe Veras.
[edit] Dance
The basic footwork is a series of simple steps that produce a back and forth or sideways motion. A schematic footwork would be as follows: starting with the right foot make a chasse to the right on counts 1,2,3. On 4, touch the left toe beside your right foot (alternatively, tapping the left toe in place, i.e., apart from the right foot, make an upwards jerk with the left hip). Then do the same from your left foot. The character of the dance is achieved through sensual hip and body movements.
[edit] References
- Manuel, Peter (2006). Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae (2nd edition). Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 1-59213-463-7.
- Deborah Pacini Hernandez (1994). Bachata: A Social History of a Dominican Popular Music. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-300-0.
