Aztreonam

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Aztreonam
Systematic (IUPAC) name
3-[2-(2-azaniumyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-hydroxy-2- methyl-1-oxo-propan-2-yl)oxyimino- acetyl]amino-2-methyl-4-oxo-azetidine-1-sulfonate
Identifiers
CAS number	1-5-7
ATC code	J01 DF01
PubChem	54116
DrugBank	APRD00815
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₃H₁₇N₅O₈S₂
Mol. weight	435.435 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100% (IM)
Protein binding	56%
Metabolism	?
Half life	1.7 hours
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B1 (Au), B (U.S.)
Legal status	℞-only (U.S.)
Routes	Intravenous and intramuscular

Aztreonam (Azactam®) is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (a monobactam) originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to some beta-lactamases, but is inactivated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Aztreonam has activity against gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has no useful activity against gram-positive bacteria or anaerobes.

Aztreonam has to be administered intravenously, as the compound is poorly absorbed when given via the oral route.

Reported side-effects include injection site reactions, diarrhoea and other gastro-intestinal symptoms. There is limited cross-reactivity between aztreonam and other beta-lactam antibiotics, and it is generally considered safe to admininister aztreonam to patients with hypersensitivity (allergies) to penicillins.