Australian referendum, 1906

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The Australian referendum of the 12th December, 1906 approved an amendment to the Australian constitution related to the terms of office of federal senators. Technically it was a vote on the Constitution Alteration (Senate Elections) Act, 1906, which after being approved in the referendum received the Royal Assent on the 3rd April, 1907. The amendment moved the date of the beginning of the term of members of the Senate from 1st January to the 1st July so that elections to the federal House of Representatives and the Senate could occur simultaneously.

The 1906 vote was the first referendum ever held in the Commonwealth of Australia and concerned the first amendment made to the constitution since its enactment. Other than the amendment related to senatorial elections, no other referendum question was put to voters on the same day.

Contents

[edit] Overview

Prior to the amendment the constitution provided, in section 13, that Senate term would begin on 1st January (and end on 31st December). By 1906 it was felt to be unlikely that Senate terms would generally coincide with House of Representatives terms, and that for this reason a change would be beneficial. The proposed amendment provided for Senate terms to begin on 1st July (and end on the 30th June). Odgers noted that the main reason for the change was to enable simultaneous elections to be held in March. The amendment was uncontroversial, dealing with the mechanical matter of how to rotate Senate terms, and R. G. Menzies later observed that

as the average voter ... does not care how frequently a Senator rotates, the amendment was carried.

Although the amendment has not hindered the holding of simultaneous elections, it has had one unintended consequence. Because two-thirds of Commonwealth elections have been held in the months between September and December, there have been numerous instances of incoming Senators being required to wait many months before taking their seats. Those elected on 3rd October 1998, for instance, were required to wait 270 days before doing so.

[edit] Referendum results

Question: Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Senate Elections) 1906?

For Against
Votes %82.65 %17.35
States 6 0


State On rolls Ballots issued For Against Informal
% %
New South Wales 737,599 381,019 286,888 %83.85 55,261 %16.15 37,929
Victoria 672,054 380,953 282,739 %83.10 57,487 %16.90 38,936
Queensland 271,109 124,352 81,295 %76.84 24,502 %23.16 15,325
South Australia 193,118 70,479 54,297 %86.99 8,121 %13.01 7,892
Western Australia 145,473 52,712 34,736 %78.93 9,274 %21.07 6,312
Tasmania 90,209 48,762 34,056 %81.32 7,825 %18.68 5,761
Total for Commonwealth 2,109,562 1,058,277 774,011 %82.65 162,470 %17.35 112,155

[edit] Changes to the text of the constitution

  • Section 13 - Before (removed text in bold):
As soon as may be after the Senate first meets, and after each first meeting of the Senate following a dissolution thereof, the Senate shall divide the senators chosen for each State into two classes, as nearly equal in number as practicable; and the places of the senators of the first class shall become vacant at the expiration of the third year, and the places of those of the second class at the expiration of the sixth year, from the beginning of their term of service; and afterwards the places of senators shall be vacant at the expiration of six years from the beginning of their term of service.
The election to fill vacant places shall be made in the year at the expiration of which the places are to become vacant.
For the purpose of this section the term of service of a senator shall be taken to begin on the first day of January following the day of his election, except in the cases of the first election and of the election next after any dissolution of the Senate, when it shall be taken to begin on the first day of January preceding the day of his election.
  • Section 13 - After (substituted text in bold):
As soon as may be after the Senate first meets, and after each first meeting of the Senate following a dissolution thereof, the Senate shall divide the senators chosen for each State into two classes, as nearly equal in number as practicable; and the places of the senators of the first class shall become vacant at the expiration of three years, and the places of those of the second class at the expiration of six years, from the beginning of their term of service; and afterwards the places of senators shall be vacant at the expiration of six years from the beginning of their term of service.
The election to fill vacant places shall be made within one year before the places are to become vacant.
For the purpose of this section the term of service of a senator shall be taken to begin on the first day of July following the day of his election, except in the cases of the first election and of the election next after any dissolution of the Senate, when it shall be taken to begin on the first day of July preceding the day of his election.

[edit] See also


Referendums and plebiscites in Australia Flag of Australia
Referendum of 1906

1906 1910 1911 1913 1916 1917 1919 1926 1928 1937 1944 1946 1948 1951 1967 1973 1974 1977 1984 1988 1999


Preceded by:
Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (1900)

Amendments to the Constitution of Australia

Followed by:
State Debts Amendment (1910)