Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
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The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (popularly abbreviated as ANZAC) was originally an army corps of Australian and New Zealand troops who fought in World War I at Gallipoli against the Turks. The ANZACs also fought during that war in the Middle East and on the Western Front.
Within Australasia ANZAC came to stand not just for the troops in World War I, but for Australian and New Zealand soldiers in time of war more generally. ANZAC Day is observed annually in memory of those soldiers who died in war. It is commemorated each year by both countries on April 25, the date of the first landing at Gallipoli in 1915 on a beach later known as ANZAC Cove. (It is similar to days such as Memorial Day, Veterans Day, Armistice Day, Remembrance Day or V-E Day commemorated in other countries.)
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[edit] ANZAC Formations
The original Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, which served at Gallipoli, was commanded by General William Birdwood and comprised the Australian 1st Division and the New Zealand and Australian Division. The three Australian and one New Zealand mounted brigades were employed as infantry with ANZAC during the Gallipoli campaign. The Australian 2nd Division began to arrive from Australia in August 1915 and some battalions saw action on Gallipoli in the final months of the campaign.
Following the evacuation of Gallipoli in November 1915 the Australian and New Zealand units reassembled in Egypt. The New Zealand contingent expanded to form their own division; the New Zealand Division. The Australian Imperial Force underwent a major reorganization resulting in the formation of two new divisions; the 4th and 5th divisions. (The Australian 3rd Division was forming in Australia and would be sent directly to England and then to France.)
These divisions were reformed into two corps; I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps. By this time "ANZAC" had ceased to be an acronym and had begun to be used as a term to describe any formation containing Australian or New Zealand units. I ANZAC Corps, under the command of General Birdwood, departed for France in early 1916. II ANZAC Corps, commanded by General Alexander Godley, followed soon after.
The ANZAC Mounted Division (originally the Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division) was also formed at this time and contained the three Australian light horse brigades as well as the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade. The division fought as mounted infantry throughout the Middle East, including Egypt, the Sinai (Romani, Magdhaba and Rafa) and Palestine (First and Second battles of Gaza, Beersheba, Jerusalem, Jericho, Es Salt, Megiddo and Amman) and Syria.
On the Western Front, ANZAC formations participated in many battles. Australian and New Zealand Divisions were involved in a number of engagements during the Battle of the Somme (1916) while components of British corps but it was only during the Battle of Pozieres, 23 July 1916, that an ANZAC formation participated as a whole. This was I ANZAC (Australian 1st, 2nd and 4th Divisions).
At Villers-Bretonneux, in the 1918 First Battles of the Somme, the "ANZAC" designation ceased to be used to represent an army corps containing Australian and New Zealand divisions. I ANZAC Corps was renamed the Australian Corps (and comprised the Australian 4th and 5th Divisions at the time). The Australian Corps ultimately contained all five Australian divisions, making it the strongest Allied army corps on the Western Front.
During the Vietnam War, two companies from Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment operated as part of the 4th Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment (4RAR) which was then referred to as the 4RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion.
[edit] Naval vessels
"ANZAC" was chosen as the name of a new class of frigates based on the MEKO 200 design, for the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy. The ANZAC class, beginning with HMAS ANZAC, will serve well into the 21st century.
[edit] Other uses of ANZAC
The term ANZAC has also been used in a sporting sense to describe test matches at rugby league between Australia and New Zealand. See ANZAC Test.
ANZAC teams have also played representative rugby league with players from both Australia and New Zealand. The last match took place in Workington, England, against a team representing Cumbria.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- New Gallipoli Film
- The band played Waltzing Matilda - fictionalised account of one man's service in the ANZACs.
- ANZAC Conference 2006
- W(h)ither ANZAC Day? - The Legal Protection of "ANZAC"
